Proposals published to start dialogue with local authorities
A report from an experienced former headteacher on how to improve the way schools are funded and governed has been published.
John Wilson, an Independent Professional Adviser to the Scottish Government, was appointed to identify priorities for reform based on his extensive experience as a secondary headteacher.
His recommendations, which will be considered as part of a three-month dialogue with local authorities, include:
creating Local Schools Authorities to take on statutory responsibility for the delivery of school education
reviewing how schools measure success while making it easier for them to collaborate and share best practice with each other
clearly defining and ring-fencing national funding for education, and improving consistency in the way this funding is recorded by local authorities.
Education Secretary Màiri McAllan said: “We are determined to continuously drive improvement in Scottish education – raising standards, empowering schools and reducing variation across council areas and schools.
“There is a great deal to be proud of already. This year’s exam results showed rising attainment across the board in National 5s, Highers and Advanced Highers and the second consecutive narrowing of the poverty related attainment gap.
Recent statistics show the number of young people in work, training or study nine months after leaving school is at a joint record high and record numbers of young people are being accepted into university. This includes a record number from our most deprived backgrounds.
“However, I am also clear-eyed about the need for change and for excellence. As well as developing a new curriculum and creating phone-free learning environments across Scotland, we’re seizing the opportunity provided by the public service reform agenda to address core issues in our education system.
“This report provides an invaluable contribution to this process, and I’m grateful to John Wilson and everyone else who took part. This publication is intended to contribute to a dialogue with councils. I look forward to setting out our response to the recommendations once that process is complete.”
Acas stats show 68% of disabled workers experienced workplace conflict, compared to 44% of adults overall
Disabled workers are facing significantly higher rates of conflict than their non-disabled colleagues, with challenges around workplace support, communication and reasonable adjustments identified as key factors, according to new Acas research.
A study by the National Centre for Social Research, commissioned by Acas, explored why disabled staff report disproportionately high levels of conflict.
The findings showed that ineffective support, challenges around reasonable adjustments, communication issues, and overly rigid application of workplace policies were key drivers of conflict.
The research also showed that awareness training, wellbeing services and counselling, along with third-party support from unions and specialist health advisors, were effective in preventing and resolving workplace conflict involving disabled people.
Acas stats also show that 68% of disabled employees whose condition has a substantial impact on their daily activities had experienced workplace conflict, compared with 44% of working-age adults overall.
Julie Dennis, Acas Head of Inclusivity, said: “Disabled workers have told us that the conflict they face at work is driven less by their condition or disability itself, and more by misunderstandings, communication difficulties and challenges in identifying and providing the right support.
“We also know that disabled workers are facing significantly higher rates of conflict than their colleagues, and Acas has seen an almost two-fold increase in disability discrimination cases compared to a decade ago.
“I would urge employers and managers to support disabled workers by identifying pressure points and having conversations as early as possible. Acas advice and training can provide the skills and knowledge to strengthen working relationships, support disabled workers and prevent disputes.”
Disabled employees described a range of experiences that they felt contributed to workplace conflict, including difficulties obtaining support, rigid responses to disability-related needs, and workplace practices that left them feeling isolated or excluded. Examples included:
A dyslexic employee said that, after colleagues complained about her reading words aloud to help with spelling, her manager moved her into what she described as a “cupboard”, leaving her feeling isolated from colleagues.
An employee undergoing cancer treatment said they were threatened with disciplinary action for absences directly related to their condition. Reflecting on their employer’s response, they said: “It was like they’re saying that it was my choice to get a brain tumour, but it wasn’t.”
A neurodivergent employee working in education said that disabled staff were expected to find their own way through support arrangements. They said: “You’d put all these provisions in place for the children … But then for the staff, it’s kind of like, go do it alone.”
In 2024 to 2025, Acas received more than 28,000 disability discrimination early conciliation notifications, almost one in five of all cases, up from fewer than one in ten at the start of the decade.
The research suggests that conflict experienced by disabled workers is linked to how workplace support and management processes operate, rather than the health conditions themselves.
It found that difficulties around agreeing and implementing reasonable adjustments, delays in putting support in place, and a lack of effective dialogue about workplace needs were key triggers.
The research highlights the important role line managers can play in preventing conflict. Giving managers the knowledge, confidence and organisational support to handle sensitive conversations effectively can help build positive working relationships and resolve issues early.
Employees described a range of strategies they had experienced that they felt could help resolve conflict. These included:
conversations with line or senior managers
referrals to occupational health
third party involvement, such as trade union or legal representatives
specialist health and disability support
workplace mediation
changing manager or department
Acting early protects worker wellbeing and saves organisations the cost of lost trust, absence and turnover.
Acas is encouraging employers and managers to work with disabled staff to identify support needs early and create workplaces where concerns can be discussed openly.
Acas guidance, advice and training can help employers agree reasonable adjustments collaboratively, record and implement them consistently, and address concerns before they escalate.
ACAS TIPS FOR EMPLOYERS AND MANAGERS
Create conditions in which employees feel safe to discuss their disability or changing support needs.
Do not assume that the same condition means the same needs. Ask, listen, and explore options collaboratively.
Act promptly. Delays, silence and repeated requests can damage trust and make resolution harder.
Use early, informal approaches where appropriate while maintaining fair access to formal procedures.
Build managers’ disability confidence and conflict confidence through practical training and organisational support.
To view the full report, please visit the Acas website:
The Scottish Government needs to be more transparent about how it will use £755 million raised by a high risk and reward offshore wind leasing round, says the Audit Commisson in a new report published today.
In 2020, Crown Estate Scotland (CES) launched ScotWind. The leasing round offered buyers capped prices for the option to develop the seabed – rather than maximising immediate returns through an open auction. The rationale for the decision was to increase the chance of securing long-term lease payments. The CES Board scrutinised the approach and it was agreed by the Scottish Government. However, no single business case for the ScotWind leasing round was produced.
In 2021, a rapid review of ScotWind was instigated when a rest-of-UK leasing round generated record revenue through an uncapped, open pricing approach. CES drew on external advice and increased the seabed development fee cap from £10,000 to £100,000, although a much higher cap was considered and rejected.
The rapid review also put new penalties in place to encourage developers to deliver on their supply chain commitments, but these need to be further strengthened for future leasing rounds.
The £755 million initially raised has been banked by Crown Estate Scotland over 12-month terms on behalf of the Scottish Government. This gives ministers maximum access to the funds and allows them to be used to balance the budget. However, it has limited Crown Estate Scotland’s investment options and financial returns.
Ministers have drawn down £96 million of ScotWind funds to date. But it is not clear how the money has been used to support the transition to net zero.
Nor is it clear how the Scottish Government intends to use remaining ScotWind funds over the course of the Parliament. That extends to the need for transparency around the purpose and operation of a new ScotWind Wealth Fund as ministers’ plans develop.
Stephen Boyle, Auditor General for Scotland, said: “Crown Estate Scotland and the Scottish Government took a high risk and reward approach to the ScotWind leasing round. Whether that decision represents value for money will be determined in the coming years.
“If developers sign long-term leases before their option periods end, then annual payments will continue to benefit Scotland for the next 60 years.
“However, if they give up their options the capped option pricing model will result in limited wider economic benefits and substantially reduced public revenues.
“What is now important is that the Scottish Government is much more transparent about their plans for how the ScotWind funds will be used across this parliamentary term and beyond.”
A new report published by Public Health Scotland (PHS) estimates the burden of disease attributable to physical inactivity from selected mental health and musculoskeletal conditions in Scotland.
The analysis was jointly commissioned by PHS, Scottish Action for Mental Health (SAMH) and the Active Scotland team within the Scottish Government. It builds on previous analysis of cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes, to provide a more complete picture of the impact of physical inactivity on the nation’s health.
The report estimates that more than 12,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are attributable to physical inactivity from mental health and musculoskeletal conditions alone. When combined with the previous analysis, physical inactivity is estimated to account for nearly 24,000 DALYs each year in Scotland. Mental health conditions account for around 38% of the newly identified total burden, with anxiety the largest contributor.
DALYs are a measure used to help show the impact of ill health on both length and quality of life. They combine years of life lost due to premature death with years lived in less than full health.
While the relationship between physical inactivity and conditions such as cardiovascular disease is well established, these findings show that it also contributes significantly to poor mental health, disability and reduced quality of life.
Addressing the social, economic and environmental barriers that influence activity levels is key to supporting active lifestyles, helping those who are least active to move more and preventing others from becoming inactive.
Dr Dionne Mackison, Head of Place, Environment and Health Harms at Public Health Scotland said:“This report reinforces the importance of physical activity as a key determinant of health, underlining its role supporting good mental wellbeing, mobility and independence throughout life.
“Our Together We Can strategy, focuses on prevention and creating the conditions that enable people and communities to live healthier lives. Supporting people to be more active is crucial in preventing ill health and reducing health inequalities.”
Alex Cumming, Executive Director of Delivery and Service Development at Scottish Action for Mental Health (SAMH) said:“This research project yet again highlights the importance of good mental health and its foundation in us all leading healthy, active lives.
“Creating the conditions which enable people to be more active, is an early and preventative approach to mental health. Supporting active, connected communities can help reduce the wider burden of disease and improve the quality of life for people impacted by mental health.”
Responding to the Public Health Scotland report, Lauren Bennie, Head of Scotland for Arthritis UK, said:“This report highlights the significant impact musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions have on people’s health and quality of life across Scotland, and the important role physical activity can play in prevention and management.
“Importantly, it notes that MSK problems are ‘among the most common reasons for GP consultations and work absence’, highlighting their wider impact on individuals, health services and the economy.
“While the report estimates that physical inactivity contributes to the loss of more than 3,000 years of healthy life through MSK conditions, for people living with arthritis, being active is not always easy. Pain, stiffness, fatigue and reduced mobility can themselves create major barriers to physical activity, creating a vicious cycle that can further impact people’s physical and mental wellbeing.
“The substantial contribution of mental health and musculoskeletal conditions to the disability burden demonstrates that increasing physical activity is critical not just for living longer, but for living healthier lives, benefiting the individual, society and the economy.
“With around 1.7 million adults in Scotland living with arthritis and other musculoskeletal conditions, we need a much greater focus on prevention, early intervention and access to the right treatment and support.
“That is why Arthritis UK is calling on the Scottish Government to introduce Scotland’s first MSK Action Plan and include MSK conditions in the upcoming Long Term Conditions Strategy, providing the coordinated national approach needed to improve MSK health and help people live healthier, more active and independent lives.”
Former high profile MSPs told the think tank in a series of “exit interviews” that the parliament is not living up to its consensus-building potential, contributing to key targets being missed.
It is not just the public who are deeply frustrated and disillusioned with the way politics and policymaking are working in Holyrood, new research from IPPR Scotland has found.
MSPs themselves have been feeling the same malaise, with a record number of them having chosen not to stand for re-election at this year’s Scottish parliamentary election.
In a series of detailed “exit interviews”, MSPs from across the political spectrum – including former backbenchers and senior cabinet figures – told researchers that the parliament has been underperforming. The findings come at a time of declining trust in politics and growing frustration with the way democratic institutions function. Voter turnout fell dramatically at the 2026 election and various polls showed voters felt Scotland was headed in the wrong direction.
The Scottish parliament was designed to bring competing ideas together to find productive compromise. But interviewees described a shift towards shallow partisanship, with MSPs increasingly falling back on party lines and formulaic debates where politicians speak past each other.
This disconnect between the parliament’s consensus-building design and adversarial politics undermines the quality of scrutiny and legislation.
The problems show up in the way parliamentary committees operate. When the parliament was set up in 1999, committees were imagined as spaces for sustained, collaborative discussions, allowing MSPs the time to develop subject expertise and contribute meaningfully to policy matters.
But interviewees said members pay little attention to one another, and serious engagement with the substance of issues is all too rare.
Researchers found that:
Short committee tenures are limiting the development of expertise. The median time MSPs serve on committees has hovered around one-and-a-half to two years, compared with five-year parliamentary terms. This restricts their ability to develop the kind of subject expertise that longer tenure would provide.
Instead of interactive discussions, MSPs increasingly resort to monologues. In the first parliamentary session, a committee member spoke an average of 117 words before another member spoke. By the sixth session, this had doubled to 232 words.
This affects the process of legislation making. Committees were intended to scrutinise legislation in detail, drawing on members’ expertise, expert witnesses and detailed evidence. But MSPs said debate has shifted to the final stages of legislation with poorly thought through amendments introduced at the last minute.
The researchers’ analysis of parliamentary data backs this up. In the first session (1999-2003), final-stage debates were about half as long as committee discussions. By the sixth, (2021-2026) the pattern had reversed, with final debates longer than committee stages.
IPPR Scotland has argued that the parliament needs to strengthen its consensus-building mechanisms, both to build trust with the electorate and because the challenges the country faces need long-term policies with widespread buy-in.
The think tank recommends that reforms to parliament be designed by a new Citizens’ Commission on Scotland’s Democracy, giving citizens a formal role in reviewing and reporting on the functioning of Scottish democracy through citizens’ assemblies and juries.
Dave Hawkey, senior research fellow at IPPR Scotland, said: “Scotland faces formidable challenges, from cutting emissions and mitigating the impacts of climate crisis to managing the ageing population and reducing inequality.
“Solving each of these will need bold and far-reaching policy, including ideas from every corner of Scottish society.
“Low trust in politics is a major barrier to building the consensus we need to successfully guide Scotland through these changing times. Concretely, if citizens lack trust in politics, they will not agree to pay the taxes we need to fix our shared problems.”
Anonymous MSP1 said:“If you go as a minister to be interrogated by the opposition or backbenchers, the greatest disappointment is always how rubbish their questions are because they’re all sitting on their phones, you get to their shot, they ask a pre-prepared question.
“It’s either political or general most of the time. And then they go back to scrolling on Twitter.”
Anonymous MSP2 said:“You have legislation that grows arms and bells and whistles. [During recent debates] I was thinking: I cannot believe we’re actually accepting or agreeing to this amendment that, in one line, will give somebody a headline but will cause a huge tail end of policy issues.”
Every road death is one too many. Preventing future fatalities starts with understanding why collisions happen.
Our NEW report explores how improving the way road collision data is collected, shared and used can help identify risks earlier, target interventions more effectively, and ultimately save lives.
Better data means better decisions. Better decisions mean safer roads.
Would also save the NHS and social care services over half-a-billion pounds
Research shows that 100% take up of key benefits would cut numbers of pensioners in poverty by 280,000
Due to health impacts, full take-up would also save the NHS and social care services in England £790 million a year
Independent Age recommends the UK Government publish a take-up strategy for financial entitlements to ensure all older people are receiving everything they should be
New research from national charity Independent Age shows that full take-up of three key financial entitlements could lift 280,000 older people out of poverty across the UK, reducing pensioner poverty by 15%.
This includes Pension Credit, pensioner Housing Benefit and Council Tax Reduction. The analysis was carried out by the research agency Public First.
The report released today, entitled ‘The only way is up: The impact of improved entitlement take-up on pensioner poverty and healthcare spending’ also shows that increasing take-up of these entitlements to 100% could help improve older people’s health, leading to a reduction in health and social care public spending by up to a colossal £790 million a year in England.
Independent Age is calling on the UK Government to publish an all-entitlements take-up strategy for the UK. This should include a strong commitment and targets to increase take-up.
The number of older people in poverty in the UK is rising, with around 1.7 million in relative poverty in 2024/25, which is an increase of 200,000 compared to the year before. Another one million live close to the poverty line.
Despite this, the charity says that too many eligible older people are missing out on money set aside for them. Over one in three (38%) of those eligible for Pension Credit are not receiving it, and around 230,000 older households are missing out on Housing Benefit.
Official take-up figures of Council Tax Reduction are not produced, however the report analysis indicates that over a million pensioner households could be missing out on this vital support.
The organisation is also calling for the Pensions Commission to agree on what an adequate income in later life looks like, and the UK Government to commit to ensuring everyone receives this.
Concerningly, full take up would also provide an additional 770,000 older people with more vital income, but they would still remain in poverty, indicating that financial entitlements and the State Pension alone is not always adequate to live on.
Joanna Elson CBE, Chief Executive of Independent Agesaid: “Our social security system was designed as a safety net for all of us but the evidence is clear, it is failing older people in poverty. Money that has been set aside is not reaching the older people who need it and at a time with increasing costs, the impact of this is devastating.
“Through our helpline, we hear often from older people who are having to skip meals or only wash once a week to make ends meet. This is unacceptable.
“Older people on a low income have been left to struggle for too long. That’s why we urgently need a strategy to ensure everyone receives the support they are entitled to and an agreement on what an adequate income looks like in later life for all of us as we age.
“With the upcoming changes in leadership, this is a golden opportunity for the UK Government to reverse the worsening picture of poverty in later life.”
Independent Age’s report found that three groups especially benefitted from increased take-up of these entitlements. These were: older people living alone, older renters and those on the old State Pension. This is due to a combination of likely higher initial costs such as housing or energy, and a lower income.
Valerie’s Story
Valerie, 68, from the Isle of Wight
“Once the rent was paid, along with Council Tax – more than £150 a month even with the single person discount – there wasn’t enough left. I had to cut back on everything. I lived on £1 meals from Iceland because they were cheap and filling, even though I knew they weren’t very nutritious.
I relied on a local community pantry where £5 bought roughly £15 of food. I couldn’t afford to put the heating on. My house is all electric and it was simply too expensive. I spent winters wrapped in blankets, drinking cups of instant soup to keep warm, and sometimes slept downstairs so I didn’t have to walk through cold rooms at night.”
Valerie called Independent Age and, while she wasn’t eligible for Pension Credit, an adviser supported her to start receiving Housing Benefit and Council Tax Reduction, which she hadn’t previously been aware of.
After starting to receive these entitlements, Valerie described the impact this had on her life:
“Life is so much better now. I still budget carefully, but I’m not living on my credit card anymore. I can buy fresh vegetables, cook proper meals and freeze portions so food lasts longer.
“I can travel to the mainland to see family, and I enjoy the things that matter to me, such as going to the local theatre and being part of the choir.
“I called the Independent Age Helpline at a time in my life when I didn’t know where to turn. The support I received has made a dramatic difference to my daily life. I nearly didn’t make that call – but I’m so glad I did.
“Before that call, I was surviving day to day. Now, I feel like I’m living again.”
Annual financial wellbeing index shows little to no progress for pensioners in poverty across Scotland.
Numbers of older people on a low income cutting back on food and energy remain worryingly high.
Independent Age calls for political action to prevent a generation left in poverty.
Independent Age’s second annual index into older people’s financial wellbeing in Scotland shows little progress on key indicators of pensioner poverty.
The ‘Older People’s Economic Wellbeing Index: Scotland 2026’, commissioned by the national older people’s financial hardship charity and conducted by the Diffley Partnership is a nationally representative poll of 1,800 people aged 66 and over. The research is repeated annually to track trends over time, and this is the second year that the research has been conducted.
The 2026 Index shows that one in five older people in Scotland have a household income of less than £15,000 a year. Of this group:
more than 1 in 2 have skipped meals.
8 in 10 have cut back on heating.
almost half have housing costs that are, or are becoming, unaffordable.
UK and Scottish Government statistics show that 130,000, or one in eight, older people in Scotland are currently living in poverty.
Morgan Vine, Director of Policy and Influencing at Independent Agesaid: “Action on pensioner poverty is at risk of stalling, with a generation of older people left trapped in poverty and making dangerous cutbacks as a result.
“Our latest Index shows that, in many areas, little progress has been made in the last year, including older people still feeling unrepresented by politicians, being weighed down by mounting costs, and not feeling their incomes and the financial support available is enough.
“With an ageing population it is vital that politicians across the political spectrum recognise the need for dedicated and sustained action to ensure older people living on a low income can live a decent and dignified life.
“This is a golden opportunity for the new Scottish Government to act now, to change the picture and create a much more positive reality for all of us as we age.”
Independent Age is calling for the introduction of a Pensioner Poverty Strategy to coordinate efforts to drive down poverty among pensioners.
The Index looks at five research areas: income and financial wellbeing, costs and cutbacks, housing, quality of life and political representation.
Income and financial wellbeing
Just one in 20 (6%) of all older people were confident that the State Pension would be enough to cover basic living expenses in the future.
Awareness of most social security payments has remained mostly static since 2025. Of all the people on a low income of under £15,000 a year, 1 in 5 are not aware of Pension Credit (19%), and the number is the similar for Housing Benefit (20%). One in eight are not aware of Council Tax Reduction (14%).
Only around half (54%) of older people agreed that they were confident they were receiving all the financial support they were entitled to, and less than half (45%) agreed they were confident they know how to apply for the financial benefits they were entitled to.
Costs and cutbacks
Eight in ten (77%) older people on a low income said that they have cut back on heating, and more than a third say they cannot afford to keep their home warm. More than half have skipped meals.
Significant proportions of older people across all incomes are also worried about energy usage. 21% cannot afford to keep their home warm enough, 26% are not content with the energy efficiency of their home, 29% say their current energy bills are not affordable and 13% are not confident they can meet the cost of their energy over the next 12 months.
Housing
More than 1 in 4 older people are living in a home that is becoming, or is, unaffordable to them. The housing affordability picture is considerably worse for older people on a low income than the general older population, with almost half (48%) saying their housing costs are, or are becoming, unaffordable.
Political representation
Most older people in Scotland do not feel well represented by political bodies and representatives. This generally has remained unchanged since the 2025 Index, where feelings of lack of political representation were high. One significant decline in feeling has been towards the UK Government. These have eroded particularly strongly – this research wave shows a five-percentage-point increase in the proportion who say the UK Government do not represent them (‘not very’ or ‘not at all’).
Recommendations
Independent Age recommends:
All political parties commit to working cross-party to address pensioner poverty.
The Programme for Government commits to introducing:
a national Pensioner Poverty Strategy.
a Warm Homes Programme for older people, to reduce energy bills through improving energy efficiency.
The Scottish Government’s Benefit Uptake Strategy refresh takes a holistic approach to maximising the income of older people by taking action to improve take-up of devolved and reserved entitlements.
Improving the social security system and support available to older people in Scotland.
The Scottish Government guarantee the right to a secure and affordable home, by improving access to, and increasing funding for, Discretionary Housing Payments and building the affordable social homes older people need.
An Older People’s Commissioner for Scotland is created.
The UK Government ensures reserved social security payments are set at an adequate rate.
Literature contributes £50.9m annually to Edinburgh’s economy
Publishing generates £19.3m, reflecting the UK’s strongest literary cluster outside London
140 million+ books by contemporary Edinburgh-based authors sold globally (650m+ including Harry Potter)
1.6 million annual visits to Edinburgh’s public libraries
61% of visitors cite culture and history as a key motivation for visiting the city
59% of residents say arts and culture make a positive difference to their lives
Two decades after Edinburgh became the world’s first UNESCO City of Literature, a new report has set out to measure the impact of literature in the city today.
The independent study, commissioned by Edinburgh City of Literature Trust and carried out by BOP Consulting, finds that literature contributes £50.9m a year to Edinburgh’s economy. Publishing alone accounts for £19.3m, supporting a concentration of literary businesses that mark the city out as an engine of publishing in the UK.
The report also highlights the wider role literature plays across the city, both in its international profile and in everyday life.
Edinburgh is home to a dense network of writers, publishers, booksellers and festivals. More than 140 million books by contemporary Edinburgh-based authors have been sold worldwide, rising to over 650 million when the global phenomenon of Harry Potter is included.
Alongside this international reach, literary activity remains closely rooted in the city itself. Each year, Edinburgh’s public libraries welcome more than 1.6 million visits, while the city’s literary landscape is sustained by a dense network of organisations, events and activity taking place throughout the year.
More than 50 book launches and “meet the author” events take place each month, alongside a programme of festivals that together welcome over 250,000 audiences annually.
The report identifies this activity as part of a wider literary ecosystem that supports participation, learning and shared cultural life.
It highlights the role of libraries, festivals, publishers, bookshops and grassroots organisations in creating opportunities for engagement at all levels, from large-scale international events to local, community-based activity.
It also finds that 59% of Edinburgh residents believe arts and culture make a positive difference to their lives – significantly higher than the Scottish average of 47%.
And similarly, 63% of Edinburgh respondents agree that culture and the arts make a positive difference to their local community (versus 51% Scottish average).
Literature also plays a role in the city’s appeal to visitors. The report notes that 61% of visitors cite culture and history as a key motivation for coming to Edinburgh, with literary tourism contributing to the broader visitor economy through festivals, heritage sites and wider cultural activity.
The study describes Edinburgh’s literary sector as a dense and interconnected network spanning major institutions, independent publishers, festivals, libraries and grassroots organisations.
It highlights the concentration of activity across the city, with the majority of Scotland’s publishers based in or operating from Edinburgh, alongside a mix of large-scale organisations such as Scottish Book Trust and the Edinburgh International Book Festival, and a wide network of smaller businesses and freelance practitioners.
This infrastructure supports activity across the full lifecycle of literature, from education and research through to publishing, live events and retail.
The report notes that Edinburgh hosts more than 50 university courses in literature and creative writing, alongside an active programme of events and opportunities for writers and audiences at all stages.
Alongside these strengths, the study identifies a number of external pressures affecting the sector.
These include rising operating costs, a contracting funding environment, and challenges around ensuring participation extends beyond established audiences.
It also points to opportunities to improve coordination and visibility across the city’s literary offer, including the potential for a more centralised approach to information-sharing and sector collaboration.
In response, Edinburgh City of Literature Trust is developing a programme of activity focused on strengthening connections across the sector, broadening participation and improving access to literary opportunities.
This includes
improving its digital platforms to better serve its literary stakeholders and wider public including a space for city-wide calendar of events and a digital map linked to an in-depth guide
working with libraries and partners to reach across every area of the city with new projects that ensure everyone in Edinburgh feels connected to our story
fostering increased collaboration across the sector and co-chairing a new strategic steering group with the city’s Lord Provost, the Edinburgh Literature Forum to build a long-term strategic plan for the City of Literature
and securing a literary hub for writers, creatives and communities to use all year round.
Dr Harriet MacMillan, Director of Edinburgh City of Literature Trust, said: “Literature is fundamental to Edinburgh. It is not a ‘nice to have’ – it is central to how we understand, imagine and shape our city.
“We are fortunate to have extraordinary cultural assets, and we should celebrate our thriving, vibrant literary ecosystem – but we cannot take it for granted. There are real challenges ahead; meeting those challenges will require greater investment and stronger collaboration across the sector.
“Since becoming the world’s first UNESCO City of Literature in 2004, we have led internationally – but leadership demands that we keep evolving. Our focus now must be on expanding opportunity and ensuring that literature is not only protected, but experienced and enjoyed by everyone who lives, works in, and visits Edinburgh.”
Harnessing Edinburgh Makar Michael Pedersen’s Be more, Edinburgh, his poem marking 20 years as UNESCO City of Literature, the organisation wants to hear from anyone keen to get involved in helping Edinburgh’s stories to continue to inspire, connect and flourish.
Funding for councils is failing to keep pace with rising costs and demand despite a small real terms increase in funding.
Councils’ revenue funding from the Scottish Government has gone up by two per cent. However, much of it is used to cover existing commitments such as teachers’ pay increases. Overall, Scotland’s councils face managing a budget gap of around £529 million for their 2026/27 daily operating costs – around three per cent of their revenue funding. Capital funding is down by 15 per cent.
That means councils will have to borrow more to build houses and other infrastructure, which heightens long-term financial risk.
Every local authority increased council tax by an average of 7.7 per cent for 2026/27, which should raise an extra £248 million. Councils expect to bring in around £1.2 billion from fees and other charges, such as for leisure centres and some refuse services. They are also planning to make savings of £180 million – around 1 per cent of councils’ total revenue budget. But these savings will have to increasingly affect services people rely on.
Social care makes up a high proportion of council spending and increasing demand for these services is putting major pressure on local budgets.
Anticipated reductions in Scottish Government funding over the medium term are expected to intensify these pressures and increase the risk of councils becoming financially unsustainable.
Derek Yule, a member of the Accounts Commission, said: “As things stand, councils will continue to face increasing financial pressures unless they stop, reduce, or significantly redesign services.
“Savings options are limited and will have to increasingly focus on changes to services people rely on. That makes it essential that councils talk to their communities about the difficult decisions they are facing.”
COSLA has responded to the Accounts Commission report on Local Government budgets 2026/27.
Read the full comment from Cllr Ricky Bell, COSLA Resources Spokesperson here:
