Tag: heart attack

Rapid heart attack tests speed people through emergency departments

~ Next-generation bedside devices, providing a result within 15 minutes, ease pressure on overcrowded emergency departments ~

People can find out if they are having a heart attack far faster using innovative tests, according to research supported by the British Heart Foundation and presented at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions conference in New Orleans. 

When someone with chest pain attends hospital as an emergency patient , they are given a blood test for troponin – the telltale protein released into the blood when the heart is damaged, which indicates whether they have had a heart attack. 

But doctors say that the test result from blood sent to the laboratory is often not available when they first need it to help make decisions for patients, and a result can sometimes take as long as two hours. 

A new study, led from Christchurch Hospital in New Zealand in collaboration with BHF-funded researchers at the University of Edinburgh, investigated the performance of a new type of troponin test. Blood is placed directly onto a cartridge, and analysed on the spot, with some models of the test able to reveal if someone has had a heart attack within 15 to 20 minutes. 

In the study, people given a rapid test were admitted to a ward or sent home 47 minutes faster, depending on whether it indicated they had experienced a heart attack, researchers found. This shorter stay in the emergency department, which was the average across six hospitals, was seen in comparison to troponin tests in the lab. 

The new tests, produced by various technology firms, are already in use within some British hospitals and could help to tackle long waits and overcrowding within the NHS. Researchers say they could potentially also be used in GP surgeries and chest pain clinics, potentially helping to identify people whose heart attacks might otherwise have been missed. 

Nicholas Mills, BHF Professor of Cardiology at the University of Edinburgh and a consultant interventional cardiologist at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, helped to design the study, conducted in New Zealand.  

Professor Mills said: “When people go to the emergency department fearing they have had a heart attack, a blood sample is taken and sent to another part of the hospital for analysis in a lab.

By the time the results are available, it is likely the doctor or nurse will have been called away, so there are unfortunate and unintended delays in making decisions for patients. 

“The average turnaround for a lab troponin test can be as long as two hours, so tests which can be performed in real-time within minutes are far better for patients, reducing anxiety as they wait for an answer on what is happening to them. 

“Crucially, these tests could also ease some of the pressure on overcrowded emergency departments, helping  people move through more quickly.” 

Troponin is a protein found in the muscles, including the heart. When the heart is injured or damaged, such as during a heart attack, troponin is released into the blood. 

Hospitals used to routinely test people twice for troponin, to measure changing levels of the protein and establish if they had a heart attack. But the process was sped up, moving people through emergency departments an average of three hours faster, thanks to previous research led by the University of Edinburgh.

This showed just one troponin test could effectively identify people who were at high risk of having had a heart attack, and also the people at lower risk who could safely be sent home. 

This approach was used in the current study, but, to deliver answers to patients even more quickly, researchers investigated the new generation of devices which can analyse troponin levels in the blood on the spot.  

The study included almost 60,000 people attending an emergency department in New Zealand between February 2023 and January 2025. A faster test was given to 31,392 patients, while the rest had the standard test with blood samples sent to the laboratory. 

Those given a rapid test, compared to the lab-based test, had a 13 per cent shorter stay in the emergency department on average. That meant they were discharged or admitted to a hospital ward an average of 47 minutes faster. 

The calculation was made after taking into account other factors affecting how long people wait, such as the time of year and time of day. 

Researchers tracked all the people in their study for 30 days after they visited the emergency department, finding that the rate of people dying from cardiovascular disease or having a heart attack in that time was similar whether they were given a fast test or the regular test. 

This suggests a faster test is a safe way to decide if people should be admitted to a ward or discharged, which should not put people at extra risk by missing their heart attacks. 

The test involves a drop of blood, from a standard blood test, being placed on a cartridge which is inserted into the device. The level of troponin then appears on the screen, helping a doctor to provide a diagnosis. 

People who have not had a heart attack can be quickly reassured, thanks to a faster test. Those who have had a heart attack can receive earlier treatment with blood-thinners and be admitted directly to a specialist ward for treatment, which may include a procedure to restore the blood supply to the heart. Early treatment reduces the risk of lasting heart damage.   

Dr Sonya Babu-Narayan, clinical director at the British Heart Foundation and consultant cardiologist, said: “Every minute matters if you are having a heart attack. And if you aren’t, you will want to be reassured or diagnosed with something different as soon as possible. 

“Troponin is the telltale protein which leaks into the bloodstream when the heart is damaged, so measuring it can be crucial for doctors to diagnose or rule out heart attacks. 

“But laboratory results can take hours to come back. So, it’s exciting to see that the bedside troponin test used in this study had a faster turnaround – providing results within minutes, and without compromising accuracy and safety. 

“Reducing delays in diagnosis is vital for patients, and also important for pressurised emergency departments working to ensure everyone gets the care they need, when they need it.” 

Healthy Heart Tip: Smoking & Heart Health

Heart Research UK Healthy Heart Tip, written by the Health Promotion and Education Team at Heart Research UK

Healthy Heart Tip: Smoking & Heart Health

Smoking isn’t good for you, we’ve all heard this by now. We know that smoking is responsible for 76,000 deaths a year in the UK, but what impact does smoking actually have on your heart? If you’re a smoker, why is stopping smoking most likely the most impactful thing you can do to improve your health and reduce your risk of heart diseases?

As we kick off October (commonly known as Stoptober), this week’s healthy tip focusses on the physical impact smoking has on your heart health in an attempt to motivate you to finally ditch the habit that could cost you your life.

Cigarettes contain 4,000 chemicals

Many of these chemicals are extremely harmful to your body and include carbon monoxide, tar, and nicotine. Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas which reduces the amount of oxygen in your blood.

Tar is a toxic chemical which accumulates in your lungs, forming a sticky residue. Nicotine is the addictive substance and when consumed it increases your heart rate and blood pressure.

Cigarettes increase your risk of heart diseases

Consuming the above-mentioned chemicals make the walls of your arteries ‘sticky’ which encourages fatty deposits circulating in your blood to stick to the artery walls.

These build up over time and reduces the amount of oxygen-rich blood travelling through your arteries which can result in a heart attack or stroke.

It is time to stop

It is never too late to quit smoking. Even if you have smoked all your life, health benefits can be seen within only a few hours of quitting. After one year of not smoking, you reduce your risk of having a heart attack by 50%.

There is a wealth of support available to help you quit, speak to your GP to discuss your options. It won’t be easy, but it will be worth it – good luck!

For more tips on how to stay healthy, sign up for weekly healthy tips at www.heartresearch.org.uk/health-tips.

Save A Life for Scotland: Ensuring more people can use defibrillators and CPR to save lives

With increased awareness over the weekend on how CPR and defibrillators can save lives, the Scottish Ambulance Service is working with Save a Life for Scotland (SALFS) to ensure more people know what to do when they witness someone suffering a cardiac arrest.

There are crucial elements required to save a life when someone is in cardiac arrest, and which we refer to as the ‘Chain of Survival’. The first of these steps is to ensure that people can identify when a cardiac arrest is happening, and there is a defibrillator in the community.

This is followed by early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation to restart the heart; timely hospital care, and appropriate aftercare. 

Pauline Howie, Chief Executive of the Scottish Ambulance Service, says: “Working with the Save a Life for Scotland (SALFS) campaign and other partners, we want to increase the survivability rates of those who go into cardiac arrest in Scotland.

“Cardiac arrest can affect anyone, of any age at any time or place. It’s vital that we can encourage people to feel more comfortable in calling 999 and to deliver bystander CPR and defibrillation if witnessing an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. 

“Over the last five years, the Save a Life for Scotland (SALFS) partnership has equipped over 640,000 people with CPR skills, and the survival rate after an out of hospital cardiac arrest has doubled to one in ten people.

“This is really significant progress, but there are even higher rates of survival achievable that we are working towards with the refreshed Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Strategy. The Scottish Ambulance Service will also be working with schools so that we can equip all school children with the skills to be able to perform CPR.” 

Dr Gareth Clegg, University of Edinburgh, Chair of the Delivery Group for Scotland’s Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Strategy says: “After a cardiac arrest every second counts. Calling 999 for help, starting chest compression CPR and using a defibrillator as soon as possible is the way to save lives.

“Scotland’s national plan to increase survival after cardiac arrest aims to double the number of cases where a defib is applied by the public – even before an ambulance arrives at the scene. Studies show that using a defibrillator within three minutes of collapse, along with starting CPR, can greatly increase chances of survival.”

Lisa MacInnes, Director of Save a life for Scotland, says: “Every year around 3,500 people in Scotland of all ages suffer a cardiac arrest at home or within the community.

“Save a Life for Scotland is a campaign which aims to increase the chance of survival by encouraging more people to learn about CPR and defibrillators. The simple message of the campaign is that everybody in Scotland has got the power to save lives in their own hands.”

Information on defibrillators: 

There are around 4000 public-access defibrillators registered in Scotland and we have a system where people can add their own defibrillators to our database. You can find their locations here: Registering your Automated External Defibrillator (scottishambulance.com)

Defibrillators are designed to be used by members of the public who have not received any training. They provide audible instructions and sometimes visual prompts on a screen, and because they will not allow a shock to be given unless it is needed, it is extremely unlikely that it will do any harm to the person who has collapsed.

Information on identifying cardiac arrests:

To help people identify when someone is suffering a cardiac arrest, it’s important to recognise the difference between a cardiac arrest and a heart attack. A cardiac arrest occurs when someone’s heart stops beating. Because there is no blood flow to the brain, they will suddenly lose consciousness and will stop breathing or stop breathing normally.  

A heart attack is where there is a sudden interruption to the blood supply to part of the heart muscle. It is likely to cause chest pain and without treatment will result in permanent damage to the heart.

The heart is still sending blood around the body and the person remains conscious and is still breathing. Both are medical emergencies, and you should call 999, but a cardiac arrest is much more serious.

To Find out more about CPR and defibrillators, visit the Scottish Ambulance Service website – Cardiac Arrest (scottishambulance.com) 

Visit savealife.scot to learn more about what organisations are doing across Scotland to save more lives.