HOUSEHOLDS FACE MORE MISERY WITH YET ANOTHER ENERGY PRICE HIKE
Energy regulator Ofgem has today [Tuesday 25 February 2025] announced a 6.4% increase of the energy price cap for the period covering April to June 2025.
A recent spike in wholesale prices is the main driver of today’s price rise, accounting for around 78% of the total increase. A small increase in policy costs and associated inflationary pressures make up a further 22%.
The price cap – which sets a maximum rate per unit and standing charge that can be billed to customers for their energy use – will rise by £111 for an average household per year, or around £9.25 a month, over the three-month period of the price cap.
For an average household paying by Direct Debit for dual fuel this equates to £1,849 per year. This is 9.4% (£159) higher than this time last year (£1,690) but £531 (22%) lower than at the height of the energy crisis at the start of 2023, when the Energy Price Guarantee was in place.
Since Ofgem’s last price cap announcement in November 2024, four million customers have moved to a fixed tariff. Now, 11 million people are on a fixed deal and won’t be affected by the change in the price cap. This is the largest movement of customers coming off the price cap and on to a fixed deal since the energy crisis.
Jonathan Brearley, CEO of Ofgem, says: “We know that no price rise is ever welcome, and that the cost of energy remains a huge challenge for many households.
“But our reliance on international gas markets leads to volatile wholesale prices, and continues to drive up bills, which is why it’s more important than ever that we’re driving forward investment in a cleaner, homegrown system.
“Energy debts that began during the energy crisis have reached record levels and without intervention will continue to grow. This puts families under huge stress and increases costs for all customers. We’re developing plans that could give households with unmanageable debt the clean slate they need to move forward.
“We welcome the government’s support for these plans, and their plans to expand the Warm Home Discount, which will also offer financial help to nearly three million more households that need it most.
“If anyone is worried about paying their bills, I would urge them to reach out to their supplier to make sure they’re getting all the help they can. Where possible, switching or fixing tariffs now could also help to bring costs down and provide certainty over coming payments.”
From 1 April, Britain’s standing charges will reduce for most households, but some regional variation remains. As a result, some households will see a small increase in standing charges of up to £20 per year for a typical dual fuel consumer. This is due to changes in network costs – the price paid to transport energy around the country and power Britain’s homes.
Ofgem is also today welcoming the government’s support of its plans to tackle the growing impacts of rising debt in the energy system and create lasting change in the way debt is managed and customers in debt are supported.
The plans could see a Debt Relief Scheme established, which suppliers would use to either write off debt that is so significant it will never be paid back or help pay off debt by ‘debt matching’ customer payments.
The Debt Relief Scheme would form part of a wider package of measures, supported by the Government’s proposed expansion of the WHD, which aims to reduce debt to levels seen before the energy crisis reducing costs to all consumers by £25-30 per year*.
The regulator has also set out ambitions to improve the standard of service from suppliers when supporting customers that are struggling to pay their bills. The proposals would make it easier for consumers to get help from charities and debt support agencies and ensure a consistent approach is taken across the board, to help to limit the risk of unsustainable levels of debt building up in the future once again.
The plans have also received backing from a number of stakeholders, who recognise how important the scheme could be for helping those in severe payment difficulty to get back on track, while also encouraging more onto repayment plans, driving down debt costs for all.
The regulator continues to encourage customers to look for the best deal to help keep their household bills down and to consider switching to a new supplier or fixing to a tariff with their existing supplier. There are a number of fixed, Direct Debit tariffs tracking below the April price cap level, with savings of around £50 available compared to the upcoming price cap level.
Backbench Labour MP Richard Burgon said: The so-called energy regulator Ofgem says energy bills from April will rise by 6.4%. The Government must step in and impose a real price cap and tax energy profits more to provide extra help to people.
“And to end this rip off, we must bring energy back into public ownership.”
Local Scottish Green MSP Lorna Slater is calling on Edinburgh to bid to be one of the first councils to sign up for the expansion of free school meals for thousands more S1 – S3 pupils.
The Scottish Greens have recently secured money for the expansion of free school meals to thousands of S1-S3 pupils who receive the Scottish Child Payment (SCP), starting with eight council areas in August 2025.
This builds on the ongoing rollout to P6 and P7 pupils who receive SCP and the previous extension to all P4 and P5 pupils, both of which were secured by Green MSPs during past rounds of budget negotiations.
Edinburgh currently has a child poverty rate of 20.4% and around 4,500 of S1-S3 pupils who receive the Scottish Child Payment, a support payment for families on low incomes.
By signing up to be one of the first councils to receive more free meals for pupils, thousands of local children and families will benefit.
Eight councils will be chosen for the initial rollout and the Scottish Greens will be pushing the Scottish Government to extend the project to all 32 council areas as soon as possible.
Lorna Slater the Scottish Greens MSP for Lothian said: “Children can’t learn if they’re hungry. Problems like classroom hunger simply should not exist in a country as wealthy as Scotland.
“As a result of this work by Green MSPs, thousands more pupils in S1-S3 will now get a free school meal. I hope Edinburgh will volunteer to be one of the first areas to provide these lunches.
“The Scottish Greens have always championed free school meals. This high school expansion builds on the work we’ve already done to provide more meals in primary schools.
“No pupils should have to learn on an empty stomach simply because they cannot afford a school lunch. Each and every child in Scotland should have what they need to do well at school, including a free and healthy lunch.”
We are constantly expanding the items we give in our Crisis Packs. Extras like reusable water bottles are an essential part of the kit a young person is expected to have when attending school. Many schools are now no longer able to offer disposable cups for students in need of a drink.
Could you purchase a water bottle for us? We would love to be able to keep adding these to each Crisis Pack requested. One Mum recently reported that her son was drinking water for the very first time because he was so delighted with his special water bottle.
There are a few ways you can help:
Buy a water bottle via our shopping partner Give Today. There are also smaller items that can be purchased. We will ensure every donation gets to a young person in need. Anything purchased will be sent directly to us. https://givetoday.co.uk/edinburghschooluniformbank/
Donate funds and we will purchase water bottles and other items needed for our packs. Every contribution, no matter the size, is appreciated. Donate here: https://edinburghuniform.org/donate/
Reminder that this year we will be serving three community lunches a week on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays from 12 to 2pm, as well as our monthly ‘Pitch to Plate’ multicultural meals with Scottish Ahlul Bayt Society – SABS.
All meals are served out of our new Hibernian Community Hub in the Famous Five Stand at Easter Road Stadium, and have vegetarian and takeaway options.
Please share this news with anyone you think needs to know.
Aldi stores in Edinburgh and the Lothians donated 14,639 meals to those in need over the recent festive period.
The UK’s fourth largest supermarket teamed up with local good causes across the UK to donate a range of fresh and chilled foods from its stores after closing early on Christmas Eve and New Year’s Eve.
Research from Neighbourly, the community giving platform that works with Aldi, found that 78% of the good causes it supports were more concerned about meeting demand this Christmas, compared to the same time last year.
Additionally, 51% felt they would not be able to respond to every request for help due to capacity and funding.
The supermarket has also donated £25,000 to Neighbourly’s GoGive Christmas campaign to further support local charities across UK and Ireland.
Aldi has worked with Neighbourly since 2019 and provides surplus food from all of its UK stores to hundreds of charities across the country throughout the year.
Luke Emery, National Sustainability Director at Aldi UK, said: “This Christmas we were proud to support so many incredible charities across the UK who provide essential support to those in need.
“The services provided by food banks are more important than ever over the festive period and we’re committed to ensuring those that rely on them have access to a wide range of high-quality foods.”
Steve Butterworth, CEO at Neighbourly, added: “We’re so grateful to have had Aldi’s support for another year.
“Christmas is one of the busiest periods for our charities and the donations from Aldi mean we can help even more people across the country who need that bit of extra support over the festive period.”
Shoppers can donate food to local charities, food banks and community groups via the community donation points in Aldi stores nationwide.
Aldi also works with Company Shop Group, the UK’s leading redistributor of surplus food and household products, to redistribute surplus food from its Regional Distribution Centres. This year, it provided more than 2,000 free Christmas lunches to Company Shop’s award-winning social enterprise, Community Shop.
Below is a list of 10 tips from heating expert Matthew Jenkins at MyJobQuote.co.uk on how to reduce your gas consumption and keep those winter energy costs in check.
Read on for everything you need to know…
1. Unleash the Power of Insulation
Let’s begin with the foundation: insulation. A well-insulated home is like a cosy cocoon, retaining the precious heat and preventing those hard-earned pounds from escaping through the roof and walls.
Below is a list of ways to insulate your home:
Loft Insulation – The humble loft is often a major culprit in heat loss. Ensure you have sufficient loft insulation. The recommended depth for most homes is around 270mm. If your loft insulation is looking a little thin or patchy, consider topping it up.
Wall Insulation – Cavity wall insulation is a fantastic way to significantly reduce heat loss through your walls. This involves injecting insulating material into the hollow spaces between the two layers of brickwork.
Draught-Proofing – Those pesky draughts can sneak in through even the smallest gaps. Conduct a thorough draught-proofing inspection around your windows and doors. Look out for gaps around the frames, letterboxes, and keyholes. Employ a variety of draught-proofing methods, such as the following: Draught Excluders, which are soft, tubular devices that can be placed under doors to prevent the cold air from seeping in. Weather Stripping is a self-adhesive tape that can be applied to window and door frames to seal gaps. Window Film is a transparent film that can be applied to single-glazed windows to reduce heat loss.
2. Master Your Heating Controls
Your thermostat is paramount in tackling high gas bills. Take a look at the tips below:
Temperature Tweaks – Lowering your thermostat temperature by even a few degrees can make a noticeable difference in your energy consumption. Aim for a comfortable temperature of around 18 – 20 degrees Celsius.
Embrace Smart Thermostats – Consider investing in a smart thermostat. These nifty devices can learn your heating habits, automatically adjust temperatures when you’re out or asleep, and can even be controlled remotely via your smartphone.
Timer Tactics – Utilise your thermostat’s timer function to schedule your heating to come on only when you need it. For example, you could set it to warm up the house an hour before you wake up and turn it down again when you leave for work.
3. Embrace The Cosy
Sometimes, the simplest solutions can be the most effective. Take a look at the tips below:
Layer Up – Ditch the t-shirts and embrace the power of layering. Put on some cosy socks and jumpers, and snuggle yourself up in a blanket. You might be surprised just how much warmer you feel without having to crank up the thermostat.
Hot Water Bottles – These are a classic for a good reason! A hot water bottle can provide comforting warmth on chilly evenings, especially when curled up on the sofa.
4. Heating Hacks
Below are some heating hacks that can help make your home warmer while saving you money on your gas bills:
Bleeding Radiators – Imagine your radiator as a water-filled pipe. If air becomes trapped inside, this prevents water from circulating properly, leading to cold spots and inefficient heating. Bleeding your radiators regularly allows you to release this trapped air, ensuring that your radiators heat up evenly and efficiently.
How to Bleed a Radiator
Take the steps below to successfully bleed your radiator:
Run your hand over the radiator and check if it is cold at the top or the bottom. If the top of the radiator is cold, this means that there is air trapped inside and that the radiator needs to be bled.
Start by turning off your central heating system.
Then, place a rag or old piece of cloth underneath the valve so that you can catch any water that may start to drip out while you are bleeding the radiator.
Use your radiator key and turn it anti-clockwise by roughly a quarter of a turn. It should start to hiss. Leave it open until the air stops coming out and water starts running out of the valve.
As soon as water starts coming out of the valve, turn the radiator key to the off position again.
Bleed any other radiators that need to be bled while your central heating system is still off.
Check your boiler pressure.
You can then turn your central heating system back on and the issue should now be resolved.
Radiator Reflectors – Radiators emit heat in all directions, including towards the wall behind them. This heat is then absorbed by the wall, effectively wasting energy. Radiator reflectors are inexpensive and easy to install. They are typically made of reflective foil and are placed behind radiators to direct the heat back into the room. This simple hack can significantly improve the energy efficiency of your radiators and make a noticeable difference in the temperature in your home.
5. Kitchen and Bathroom Tips
There are several things you can do in the kitchen and bathroom to help lower your gas bills. Take a look at the list below:
Shower Power
Embrace the “Eco” Setting – Many modern showers have an “eco” setting that reduces the water flow. Even a slight reduction in water flow can significantly lower your energy consumption.
Timing is Key – Aim for shorter showers. Every minute counts when it comes to reducing water and energy usage. Consider setting a timer to keep track of your shower times.
Install a Low-Flow Showerhead – Investing in a low-flow showerhead can significantly reduce your water usage without compromising your showering experience. These showerheads are designed to deliver a powerful spray while using less water.
Lids on Pots
Boiling Point Breakthrough – Using a lid when you are boiling water or cooking using the hob creates a much more efficient and faster cooking process. The lid helps trap the heat within the pot, allowing the water to boil much quicker, and this helps to reduce cooking times.
Energy Savings – By reducing your cooking times, you are using less energy from your hob. This not only saves you money on your gas bill, but it also helps to reduce your carbon footprint.
6. Government Schemes and Support
Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs)
An EPC is a legal requirement for most properties in England and Wales. It provides a comprehensive assessment of your home’s energy efficiency, rating it from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient).
The EPC highlights areas where your home is losing heat, such as poorly insulated walls or a draughty loft. By understanding your home’s energy performance, you can identify areas for improvement and prioritise energy-saving measures.
Government Grants and Schemes
The UK government offers various grants and schemes to help homeowners improve their home’s energy efficiency.
The Boiler Upgrade Scheme – This scheme provides financial support for homeowners and landlords to replace old gas boilers with more environmentally friendly alternatives such as heat pumps.
Energy Company Obligation (ECO) Scheme – This scheme helps low-income and vulnerable households improve their energy efficiency through certain measures such as insulation and boiler upgrades.
Local Authority Grants – Local councils may offer grants or funding for energy efficiency improvements within their area.
It is very important to research and explore the available schemes to see if you are eligible and how you can benefit from them.
7. Washing Machine and Dishwasher Efficiency
Take Advantage of Full Loads – Washing machines and dishwashers are designed to operate most efficiently when fully loaded. Running half-empty loads wastes both water and energy.
Utilise Eco Modes – Most modern washing machines and dishwashers offer an eco or energy-saving mode. These modes use less water and energy while still achieving an effective cleaning result.
Wash at Lower Temperatures – Washing your clothes at lower temperatures (30 or 40 degrees Celsius) can significantly reduce the energy consumption. Modern detergents are highly effective at lower temperatures.
Air Dry Dishes – If possible, air dry your dishes instead of using a heated dry cycle in the dishwasher.
8. Switch Suppliers
The energy market in the UK is highly competitive. Energy suppliers are constantly adjusting their tariffs to attract new customers. Regularly comparing energy tariffs from different suppliers is essential. Consider using price comparison websites and energy-switching tools to easily compare tariffs from various suppliers.
When comparing tariffs, consider your annual energy usage. Some tariffs are better suited for high-usage households, while others are more cost-effective for low-usage households.
Be aware of any exit fees associated with your current energy contract. The switching process is generally quite straightforward. Your new supplier will handle the transfer of your energy supply from your old supplier.
1. Energy-Efficient Appliances
Consider your choices of appliances and how they are affecting your gas bills. Take a look at the tips below:
High-Efficiency Boilers – Consider upgrading your old boiler to a more efficient model, such as a condensing boiler. Modern boilers are designed to extract more heat from the fuel, resulting in significant energy savings.
Regular Boiler Servicing – Regular boiler servicing ensures your boiler is operating at peak efficiency. A well-maintained boiler will use much less gas to heat your home.
Check for Boiler Issues – If you suspect your boiler is not functioning correctly (for example, it is taking longer to heat up or is producing unusual noises), call a qualified Gas Safe registered engineer to diagnose and repair any issues.
2. Mindful Habits
It is important to be mindful if you want to save on your gas bills. Consider the following tips:
Using Sunlight
Embrace Natural Light – Open your curtains and blinds during the day to allow the natural sunlight to warm your home. Utilise the sun’s warmth to help heat your home during the day, reducing your reliance on artificial heating.
Maximise Daylight – Position the furniture in your home strategically to make the most of the natural sunlight.
Use The Curtains
Prevent Heat Loss – Close the curtains and blinds at night to prevent heat from escaping through the windows.
Reduce Draughts – Curtains can also help to reduce draughts around windows, further improving your home’s energy efficiency.
Consider Thick Curtains – Invest in thick, lined curtains for added insulation.
Final Thoughts
By following these simple tips, you can significantly reduce your gas consumption and keep your home cosy this winter without breaking the bank. It’s important to remember to be patient. Making significant improvements to your home’s energy efficiency may take time and investment. However, the long-term savings on your gas bills will be well worth it.
Consider consulting a qualified assessor who can conduct a comprehensive evaluation of your home’s energy efficiency and recommend targeted improvements. Don’t be discouraged if you can’t implement all of these tips at once. Start with a few small changes and gradually work your way through the list. Remember, even small changes can make a big difference!
We hope this comprehensive guide empowers you to stay warm and save money this winter!
MATTHEW JENKINS
Matthew Jenkins has worked as a self-employed tradesman in the domestic heating industry for over fifteen years. Matthew is a gas-safe engineer specialising in heating and plumbing.
He also works closely with MyJobQuote to provide expert knowledge to homeowners and tradespeople and has been featured in a range of established news outlets.
Statement to the Scottish Parliament about support with fuel costs in winter
More than 456,000 people are due to receive Winter Heating Payments totalling £26.8 million this winter, Social Justice Secretary Shirley-Anne Somerville will tell MSPs today (Tuesday 14th Jan).
Updating the Scottish Parliament on support with fuel costs for people on low incomes, Ms Somerville will confirm the Scottish Government is forecast to invest more than £65 million in our three Winter Heating Benefits this year, providing vital support to more than 630,000 people with their energy bills.
The Winter Heating Payment guarantees everyone eligible will receive a payment every year, rather than the UK Government approach of requiring a sustained period of cold weather, which previously resulted in no Cold Weather Payments being made to many low income households across Scotland.
The Scottish Government benefit, which replaced the UK Government’s Cold Weather Payment, provides a targeted, reliable and guaranteed annual payment of £58.75 to support people on low incomes with the cost of heating over the winter months.
The UK Government’s Cold Weather Payment previously provided £25 per cold spell only when the average of the mean daily temperature recorded was equal to or below zero degrees for seven consecutive days.
The Child Winter Heating Payment provides help to disabled children and young people and their families who have higher energy needs due to a disability or a health condition.
This benefit is not available elsewhere in the UK. So far 37,000 payments have issued totalling £9.3 million so far this year, to support more than 33,000 children, young people and their families.
Pension Age Winter Heating Payment helps people of pension age who receive certain benefits to pay their heating bills, and is providing payments of £200 or £300 to people in receipt of a qualifying benefit, depending on their age, this year.
For next year, the Scottish Government will bring forward regulations to ensure every pensioner household receives at least £100 – support which is also not available anywhere else in the UK.
Ms Somerville said: “When we asked people they told us they overwhelmingly supported the removal of the ‘cold spell’ requirement for the UK Government’s Cold Weather Payment.
“Our Winter Heating Payment breaks the link with arbitrarily-defined weather dependency and provides financial support, no matter the weather. This means low-income households will automatically be paid and do not have the uncertainty of waiting for weather readings for seven consecutive days before receiving a payment.
“More than 453,000 people got Winter Heating Payments last winter from the Scottish Government thanks to an investment of £25 million. This winter we will invest even more – £26.8 million – for Winter Heating Payment.
“That more than triples the £8.5 million provided on average by the Department for Work and Pensions in each of the last seven years prior to the introduction of our Payment.
“Our Winter Heating Payment is a very clear example of how this Scottish Government is doing more to support the people of Scotland throughout the long, cold winter months.”
With the festive period now in full swing, many homeowners are eager to deck their halls with twinkling Christmas lights. However, with the rising cost of energy, it is crucial to consider the financial implications of illuminating your home for the festive season. So, how much does it really cost to run Christmas lights in 2024?
Below, energy expert Dan Moore at PriceYourJob.co.uk delves into the factors that can affect the cost of running Christmas lights and provide you with some practical tips to minimise your energy consumption:
Understanding the Factors Affecting Energy Consumption
The cost of running your Christmas lights is influenced by several key factors. Take a look at the list below to gauge a better understanding of what may increase or decrease the cost of running your Christmas lights:
The Number of Lights – The more lights you use, the higher your energy consumption will be. A small string of lights will naturally consume less energy than a larger, more elaborate display.
The Wattage of the Lights – The wattage of a light bulb determines the amount of energy it consumes. Higher-wattage bulbs consume more energy than lower-wattage bulbs. LED lights are significantly more energy-efficient than traditional incandescent bulbs, making them a popular choice for Christmas decorations.
The Number of Hours of Use – The longer your lights are on, the higher your energy consumption will be. Consider using timers to automatically turn your lights on and off, reducing the number of hours they are in operation.
The Current Energy Price Cap – The UK government’s energy price cap sets a limit on the amount suppliers can charge for standard variable tariffs. Fluctuations in the energy market can impact the cost of electricity. This, in turn, will affect the cost of running your Christmas lights.
Calculating the Cost of Running Christmas Lights
To estimate the cost of running your Christmas lights, you can use the following formula:
Cost = (Power consumption in watts x Hours of use per day x Days of use) / 1000 x Unit sot of electricity
For example, let’s assume you have a string of 100 LED lights with a total wattage of 5 watts. If you run them for 6 hours per day for 30 days, and the current cost of electricity is £0.24p per kWh, the calculation would be:
Cost = (5 watts x 6hours/day x 30 days) 1000 x £0.24p/kWh = £0.216p
So, running this string of lights for 30 days would cost approximately £0.216p.
Tips to Reduce Energy Costs and Environmental Impact
Although the overall cost of running Christmas lights is fairly low, there are several things that you can do to reduce energy costs and the environmental impact. Here are some practical tips to minimise the cost and environmental impact of running your Christmas lights:
Choose Energy-Efficient Lights – LED lights are significantly more energy-efficient than traditional incandescent bulbs. They consume less energy and last longer, making them a cost-effective and environmentally friendly choice.
Use Timers – Employ timers to automatically turn your Christmas lights on and off. This can help you save energy and reduce your electricity bill. Consider using smart plugs or timers that can be controlled remotely as this will allow you to better adjust the lighting schedule as needed.
Consider Solar–Powered Lights – Solar-powered lights are an excellent eco-friendly option, especially for outdoor decorations. They harness energy from the sun, reducing your reliance on grid electricity.
Turn Off The Lights When Not Needed – While it may seem obvious, make sure to turn off your lights when they are not in use. This simple habit can help you save energy and reduce your carbon footprint.
Insulate Your Home – Improving your home’ insulation can help reduce heat loss, leading to lower energy consumption. Well-insulated homes require less energy to maintain a comfortable temperature. This can indirectly impact your electricity bill.
Opt for Natural Light – During the daylight hours, open your curtains and blinds to maximise natural light. This can reduce the need for artificial lighting and help you save energy.
Embrace Minimalist Lighting – Consider a minimalist approach to your Christmas lighting. Instead of over-decorating your home, instead focus on creating a few key focal points. This can help you reduce energy consumption without sacrificing the festive atmosphere.
Which Type of Christmas Lights Are Cheapest to Run?
LED Christmas lights are the most energy-efficient choice. These lights consume significantly less energy compared to traditional incandescent bulbs. With this in mind, LED Christmas lights tend to be the most popular choice.
Here’s why LED lights are more cost-effective:
Lower Energy Consumption – LED lights use significantly less energy to produce the same amount of light as traditional incandescent bulbs.
Longer Lifespan – LED lights have a much longer lifespan than incandescent bulbs, reducing the need for replacements.
Durability – LED lights are more durable and resistant to damage, ensuring they last longer and require less maintenance.
By choosing LED lights, you can significantly reduce your energy consumption and lower your electricity bills during the festive season.
Final Thoughts
While the festive glow of Christmas lights adds undeniable cheer to the holiday season, it’s important to be mindful of the impact they have on your energy consumption and wallet. By understanding the factors that influence the cost of running Christmas lights and embracing energy-saving practices, you can create a dazzling display without breaking the bank or harming the environment.
Embrace LED technology! LED lights are the clear winner when it comes to cost-effectiveness and environmental responsibility. Their low energy consumption, long lifespan, and durability make them the perfect choice for your holiday lighting needs.
Remember, small changes can make a big difference. Consider implementing some of the tips we’ve discussed, like employing timers and maximising natural light. Every step you take towards reducing energy consumption contributes to a more sustainable festive season.
So, this holiday season, illuminate your home with confidence. With a little planning and the right approach, you can enjoy the magic of Christmas lights while keeping your energy bills merry and bright!
DAN MOORE: DanMooreworked as a heating engineer and boiler installer for several years before moving on to work as a domestic energy assessor, inspecting properties and producing EPC reports.Danalso provides expert advice on heating systems and energy efficiency on behalf ofPriceYourJob.co.uk andDan’s expertise has been featured in a range of publications both online and in print.
JOSEPH ROWNTREE FOUNDATION’s COST OF LIVING TRACKER – WINTER 2024
The Government must tackle stagnant levels of hardship as part of their mission for growth, with worse living standards to come if no action is taken.
As Rachel Reeves unveiled her first budget for the new Labour Government, the 7th wave of our cost of living tracker captured the experiences of low-income households in the UK.
Collected between 8 and 31 October, surveying 4,065 households in the bottom 40% of incomes, our key measures of hardship remain entirely unchanged from 6 months ago, despite some key economic conditions easing. We find in October 2024 (see Figure 1):
7 million low-income households (60%) were going without the essentials in the previous 6 months, including 5.4 million experiencing food insecurity in the previous 30 days
4.3 million low-income households (37%) were in arrears on at least one household bill or credit commitment.
We also find around a 3rd of households (34% or 4 million households) held a loan they originally took out to pay for food, housing or essential bills worth around £9.6 billion in October 2024.
These findings of stalled progress track with our microsimulation modelling, which shows that disposable incomes after housing costs are forecast to fall over the rest of this parliament. Households in the bottom 40% of incomes are projected to be £440 worse off per year in real terms by October 2029, compared to October 2024.
If the Government are serious about ending the need for emergency food parcels, tackling child poverty and growing the economy, they must take bold action to prevent living standards from deteriorating further, and build strong foundations for household economic security for the future.
Economic context: flatlining disposable incomes
Our modelling shows that disposable incomes after housing costs for households in the bottom 40% of incomes fell in October 2021 and have flatlined since (see Figure 2).
This is caused by a complex economic picture of high prices and recovering wages:
Inflation has returned broadly to target since April 2024, at around 2%, however high inflation since the end of 2021 has baked in higher prices in areas such as food, and other costs such as energy are rising again.
Private rents have continued to increase ahead of inflation, up 8.7% in the year to October 2024.
Interest rates have now seen two cuts, to 4.75%, but the full impact of elevated interest rates is still feeding through to mortgage costs.
Real earnings growth returned from mid-2023, but has slowed this year, while the National Living Wage increased by 9.8% in April 2024.
From April 2024, benefit rates were uprated by 6.7%, and LHA was unfrozen with an average annual increase of £785 per household, so our data reflects several months of these uprated payments.
Going without essentials
The number of low-income households going without essentials like food, heating and showers remains at 7 million in October 2024, entirely unchanged from 6 months ago. This number has not dropped below 7 million since October 2022, showing persistent and embedded hardship in the UK (see Figure 3a).
Low-income households are routinely going without enough food, with 5.4 million unable to afford enough food in the 30 days prior to the survey in October 2024 (46%). This includes 5.2 million families cutting down or skipping meals (44%), and 3.8 million going hungry (32%) (see Figure 3b). While food insecurity is down from a peak of 5.9 million households, or half of all low-income households in October 2023, it is unchanged from May 2024 (46%).
Some groups within low-income households continue to face very high risk of going without essentials. In October 2024, 86% of low-income households on Universal Credit (UC) went without essentials and 82% of low-income private renters in receipt of housing benefits.
Neither group has seen any improvement since the last survey, with uprating and unfreezing of housing benefits in April 2024 only maintaining existing levels of hardship. Other demographics at high risk of going without essentials include 87% of lone parents and 85% of families with 3 or more children, around 8 in 10 households with a black respondent (81%) and around three quarters of private (76%) and social renters (75%) (see Figure 3c).
For the first time, we can report on families in receipt of different health and disability related elements of UC, who will be amongst those subject to the Government’s benefit reform.
We find around 9 in 10 low-income households receiving the Limited Capability for Work element (90%) and Limited Capability for Work and Work-Related Activity element (88%) were going without essentials in October 2024.
The recent Get Britain Working white paper signalled a welcome reset in approach to supporting disabled people into work. But making arbitrary cost savings of £3 billion the starting point for reforms risks undermining this and leaves uncertainty hanging over disabled people at greatest risk of hardship.
We have also seen no progress on the depth of hardship, with the number of essentials households are going without flatlining. Of those who are going without essentials, we have consistently seen around a 3rd going without 4 or more essentials in every wave of the survey (see Figure 3d). Families on Universal Credit are almost twice as likely to be going without 4 or more essentials than families not on any benefits in October 2024 (45% compared to 24%).
There has been no progress on the number of households in arrears, with 4.3 million low-income households (37%) behind on at least one household bill or credit commitment in October 2024, completely unchanged from the 6 months before (see Figure 4a).
Overall low-income households owe around £6.1 billion in arrears across all household bills and credit commitments. £2.3 billion of this is owed on bills with high consequences if you fall behind, including council tax, rent or mortgage payments and energy bills. For example, falling behind on council tax bills could make you liable to pay a years’ worth of council tax immediately. In October 2024 12% of low-income families are in arrears on their council tax, owing an average amount of £540.
Around 1.5 million low-income households (13%) are currently in arrears on their energy bills before we even head into winter. Those who are behind owe an average of around £500, and 58% of these households are in arrears with 4 or more different bills. A member of JRF’s Grassroots Poverty Action Group told us how normally over the summer period they are able to get on top of energy bills they have fallen behind on during the winter, but this summer that wasn’t possible.
Rent arrears also remain stubbornly high, with 18% of renters behind on their rent, largely unchanged since October 2021. They owe an average of £620 in arrears for rent alone. We find 13% of renters prioritised their housing bills over their other bills in the last 12 months, but 38% of those who did that were unfortunately still in arrears with their rent, showing that many low-income renters are out of options. Arrears for mortgage holders have improved however, with 12% in arrears in October 2024 compared to 16% a year ago in October 2023.
Within low-income families, some groups experience far greater risk of being in arrears. Families where someone has caring responsibilities are almost twice as likely to be behind on their bills compared to families where there are no carers (55% compared to 29%), and are unsurprisingly more likely to be going without essentials too (76% compared to 53%).
Other groups continue to be at elevated risk of being behind on their bills, including 66% of households with a black respondent, and 6 in 10 families with 3 or more children (62%) (see Figure 4b).
However there are some positive trends with some of the most at-risk groups seeing a sustained fall in the proportion in arrears, including households with respondents aged 18-24, families on Universal Credit and lone parents. While still incredibly high, these are at least moving in the right direction.
As with the overall picture of arrears, progress on the depth of arrears has stalled. There had been a steady downwards trend in the amount of money families owed following a peak in October 2022 of £1,630, but this had stopped in October 2024. Of those in arrears, the average amount owed was around £1,430.
In May 2024 we saw a promising sign of the proportion of households behind on 4 or more bills falling, however this hasn’t continued in October 2024 with 3 in 10 or 1.3 million families who are in arrears behind on 4 or more bills (31%) (see Figure 4c). Being behind on multiple lending commitments and bills to different providers negatively impacts people’s credit file and their ability to borrow in future.
Being behind on your bills is one type of debt, while another is where families have used credit to pay for things. Taking on a loan in and of itself isn’t a bad thing, however it becomes concerning when families rely on credit to cover essentials, can only access high-cost credit, or fall behind on repayments.
While many of our key measures of hardship have remained unchanged, the proportion of low-income families who hold loans they took out to pay for essential costs has moved in the wrong direction. In October 2024, 4 million low-income households (34%) held £9.6 billion of loans they originally took out to pay for food, housing or essential bills like council tax or energy (see Figure 5a).
This is very similar to a year ago, when 3.8 million low-income households (32%) owed £9.2 billion for these essentials loans. Taking on debt to pay for essentials has not been enough to prevent hardship, with nearly 9 in 10 of these families going without essentials in October 2024 (88%) and 7 in 10 behind on their bills (71%).
In October 2024, 2.2 million low-income families (19%) held high-cost credit loans, from unregulated lenders (loan sharks), doorstop lenders, payday lenders or pawnshops (see Figure 5b). The proportion who hold these loans had been falling since October 2022, but it has now risen for the first time. While the value of high-cost credit and unregulated loans has increased to £3.2 billion in October 2024, it is still lower than a year ago, at £4.1 billion in October 2023.
The total amount of debt across all unsecured loans and credit (see methodology note) currently held by low-income households has also increased in October 2024 to £23 billion, up from £19 billion in May 2024 (see Figure 5c). While still less than the £26 billion peak in October 2022, debt levels are now back to levels seen in October 2023 (£22 billion). The proportion of families who hold each type of debt in October 2024 mirror our findings in October 2023. It is largely the proportion of households holding each type of loan which has driven the total amount of debt held back up, rather than the amount of debt held for each loan type increasing.
During the cost of living crisis there was a tightening in the availability of affordable credit, due to stricter eligibility requirements, high interest rates and regulatory changes. These factors are likely to have contributed to the fall in loans between October 2022 and May 2024. As interest rates now ease, the availability of unsecured credit now appears to be increasing according to lenders surveyed by the Bank of England.
The proportion of low-income families who applied for loans or credit stayed the same from May to October 2024 at 55%, with three quarters of those who applied approved (75%). However there was a decrease in the proportion of those who applied and were declined in the previous 6 months, down from 14% in May 2024 to 9% in October 2024. We will continue to monitor this, a greater availability of credit may allow more families to take on loans, as seen in the reduction in families being refused credit in the last 6 months.
The October 2024 Budget was big in terms of the increased tax take and investment, but in reality will deliver very little change for low-income households. There were some positive changes such as restoring spending on public services, reducing the amount of deductions from benefits and extending the Household Support Fund (albeit at a lowered level). However our modelling shows these changes will only have limited impact for low-income families and Government must go much further to meaningfully shift the dial on hardship.
Using microsimulation modelling we converted macroeconomic forecasts from the OBR into household-level impacts for the bottom 40% of incomes to show the outlook over the rest of this parliament1. We find that average disposable incomes after housing costs are projected to be £440 per year lower in real terms in 2029, than they are in October 2024. This is largely being driven by rising housing costs, which we can see (from Figure 6a) means that relatively flat gross incomes lead to declining net (post-tax, disposable) incomes once housing costs are taken into account.
Our latest modelling shows the variation in experiences for households across the income distribution. While households across the income distribution are forecast to see their living standards fall throughout the rest of the parliament, households in the bottom 20% of incomes see a significantly larger proportional drop (see Figure 6b).
This story has yet again set out the embedded levels of hardship facing low-income households in the UK, alongside modelling which shows a stark warning that things are projected to get much worse over the rest of this parliament.
JRF is calling for the Government to place economic security for households at the centre of their mission for growth, to place growth on a surer footing and ensure change is felt by households who need it the most.
Firstly, the Government must make immediate progress on bringing down hardship by:
introducing a protected minimum amount of support 15% below Universal Credit’s current basic rate, as a first step towards an Essentials Guarantee – this would restrict the amount of reductions to benefit payments, including from debt repayments and the benefit cap
reforming the Household Support Fund and Local Welfare Assistance in England so everyone has somewhere to turn for immediate cash help in a crisis
unfreezing LHA and permanently relinking it to local rents
expanding the Warm Home’s Discount, to increase the level of support and widen eligibility to include people in receipt of disability benefits
increasing the rate of means tested benefits for carers, to help protect those on the lowest incomes from poverty
from 2025, not pursuing similar cuts to those planned by the previous Government, and committed to by Labour, to Universal Credit’s Work Capability Assessment ‘activities and descriptors’
scrapping the ‘two-child limit’ on support for children in Universal Credit and tax credits.
Secondly, the Government must also build the foundations of a stronger social settlement that can provide real economic security for families now and in the future. This would mean an Essentials Guarantee in Universal Credit to ensure everyone has a protected minimum amount of support to afford essentials like food and household bills.
It would also mean reform to the housing system, including increased funding for social house building. It would mean introducing an energy social tariff, that will support low- and middle-income households through the transition to net zero, by targeting the high and rising energy costs families are facing.
It would mean reducing risks for disabled people wanting to work and improving trust in the social security system, by working with disabled people to develop a replacement for the Work Capability Assessment and implementing a comprehensive Work Transition Guarantee.
And finally, a rethink of our care infrastructure so that parents have access to the right kind of childcare that allows them to work if they want to, as well as proper financial support for people who need to temporarily step away from work to help care for a loved one.
Together, these changes build strong foundations in the social security system to build lasting economic security for all, so that we can finally stop reporting that 7 million low-income households are going without essentials.
Scottish Book Trust has announced that it will gift books to children and families visiting food banks this winter including Community One Stop Shop (3 Broomhouse Market) as well as Edinburgh Children’s Hospital, and primary school children.
The charity has been inundated with requests, from food banks and local authorities across Scotland, to support more vulnerable children and families facing challenging circumstances.
While the cost of living crisis continues, over a million people in Scotland are already living in poverty, a quarter of which are children.1 Too many children are growing up without books and the impact of this lasts a lifetime. Children and young people who don’t have a book of their own are twice as likely to have lower mental health.2
The charity’s Christmas Appeal 2024 will feature Eric Carle’s iconic and well-loved children’s book character, The Very Hungry Caterpillar with kind permission from Penguin Random House LLC and The World of Eric Carle.
Marc Lambert, CEO Scottish Book Trust, commented: “The power of books and the importance of children and young people having access to books should not be underestimated. Reading has the power to redress the impacts of disadvantage.
“We know the difference that books make in children’s lives and we want to ensure no child misses out. Books bring comfort, escapism and togetherness in families. Every child deserves the magic of a book and donations to our appeal will provide vital support for those most in need.”
Mary Mekarnom, Senior Director, Creative & Strategy, World of Eric Carle Penguin Random House, said “We are so happy that we can help support Scottish Book Trust’s Christmas Appeal this holiday season.
“Eric Carle used to say that he did not see children as a group. He saw a child, a child, a child. Meaning every child has individual needs and has a different way of learning or responding to a book.
“We are hopeful that The Very Hungry Caterpillar can help support this appeal and make a difference in the lives of each individual child and family in need.”
Over the past three years, the charity has given over 290,000 books to children in need of our support and living in areas of deprivation through food banks, community hubs and other charities.
Funds raised from the appeal will enable Scottish Book Trust to give books to families, via food banks, other charities and community hubs, and deliver more of its life-changing work.
Some examples of its programmes include specialist support for young families facing significant challenges through Bookbug for the Home, providing tactile books for children with additional support needs and supporting those living with dementia and the people who care for them.
To learn more about Scottish Book Trust’s Christmas appeal, visit:
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2025 MEAL CHANGES
