Plumber reveals top ten worst things to flush down toilet & cost of repairs

Sometimes it seems the easy option is to throw something down the toilet rather than properly disposing of it, but the reality is you could be doing hundreds of pounds worth of damage to your plumbing without even realising it.

plumber unclogging blocked toilet with hydro jetting at home bathroom. sewer cleaning service

Sean Richardson, plumbing expert at Complete Plumbing Solutions has compiled his top 10 list of the things you shouldn’t be flushing away and reveals just how much these items could cost you in the long run –

1 – Baby Wipes

Be wary of the “flushable” label, it could end up costing you hundreds of pounds –

“One of the biggest offenders we see most regularly are baby wipes. Although many baby wipes are labeled as “flushable,” they do not break down like toilet paper and can clog your pipes, leaving you with an overflowing system.”

2 – Cotton Buds/Balls/Pads/Tampons/Condoms

Absorbent materials can wreak havoc on your plumbing –

“Tampons, pads, and other feminine hygiene products should never be flushed down the toilet. They can cause blockages as they twist and clump together to form a soft of solid mass, thus totally blocking your pipes. Alot of these products are designed to expand when they come into contact with moisture and to not break down in water. When these products are flushed down the toilet, they can get caught in the pipes and accumulate other debris, leading to blockages. Condoms are not biodegradable and can easily clog pipes. They should be disposed of in the rubbish instead.”

3 – Dental floss:

May seem like a harmless one to flush, but flushing floss significantly heightens the risk of blockages –

“Dental floss does not break down in water, which means once it goes down your toilet it stays there. Basically when you flush some floss down the toilet it can wrap itself around any debris that may be lurking in your pipes, like hair, wipes and toilet paper, which can create a solid mass leading to obstructions.”

4 – Hair

Hair should be kept out of your drains and out of your toilets –

“We’ve all seen how hair can clog up your shower and sink drains, your toilet is no different. When hair enters the drain it works similarly to how dental floss would, wrapping around other bits of debris and creating massive blockages. When hair is flushed down the toilet, it can get caught in the trapway, which is the curved part of the toilet that connects to the drainpipe. As more hair accumulates, it can create a mass that blocks the trapway, making it difficult for water and waste to pass through. Hair does not break down easily in water, so it can accumulate in the sewer system and cause backups and overflows”

5 – Paper Towels

Paper towels or tissues: These products do not break down like toilet paper and can cause blockages in pipes or damage sewage systems.

“Paper towels are not designed to dissolve easily in water, unlike toilet paper which is specifically made to break down quickly in water. This means that if you flush paper towels down the toilet, they are likely to get stuck in the pipes, causing clogs and potentially damaging the plumbing system.

Additionally, paper towels are often thicker and more absorbent than toilet paper, which means they can also absorb more water and expand in size, making it even more difficult for them to pass through the pipes and causing more severe blockages.”

6 – Cooking grease or oil:

It’s common knowledge that you shouldn’t pour grease and oil down your kitchen sink, but there have been horror stories from individuals deciding to pour the oil down their toilets.

“When cooking grease and oil are poured down your toilet drains they can mix with other materials such as soap, hair and other pieces of debris to form solid blockages that can be extremely difficult and expensive to remove.

Aside from that, when grease and oil enter the drain they can also contribute to the buildup of fats, oils, and grease, already present in the overall sewerage system, which can lead to those fatbergs people may have seen”

7 – Cigarette butts:

The non-biodegradable make-up of cigarettes makes them a nightmare for your pipes –

“Cigarette butts are another one to avoid as they are made of non-biodegradable materials such as plastic fibers and something called cellulose acetate, these do not break down easily in water. The butts also contain toxic chemicals and carcinogens that can contaminate waterways and harm aquatic life. Even if cigarette butts are flushed down the toilet and make it through the plumbing system without causing a blockage, they can still end up in waterways and contribute to pollution.”

8 – Cat Litter:

A highly absorbent material, it should be kept away from drains at all costs –

“Cat litter by nature is designed to absorb moisture and clump together, which means that it can easily form blockages in the pipes and cause backups and overflows. More often than not it can also feature elements  that are not biodegradable, such as clay or silica gel, which do not dissolve in water and can further contribute to clogs.”

9 – Medications

A serious environmental issue –

“When medications like tablets and liquids are flushed down the toilet, they can enter the sewage system and ultimately end up in rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water. Many medications are not effectively removed by wastewater treatment plants, which can lead to a fairly serious pollution of the water table.”

10 – Plasters/Bandages

Packed with adhesives that harm the environment and potentially your pocket –

“Plasters definitely should not be flushed as they are another product that are not designed to dissolve in water and can become tangled with other materials in the plumbing, which will wind up clogging the toilet. Plasters may also contain adhesives or other substances that can contribute to the buildup of fats, oils, and grease in the sewerage system.”

Blockages – How Much Do They Cost to Fix?

The actual cost of clearing a toilet blockage varies depending on a number of factors –  severity of the blockage, the location and the actual plumber you choose to enlist.

“Usually minor blockages can be cleared with a plunger or drain snake, this can cost anywhere between £50 to £200. This price increases the worse the blockage get, in certain situations you could be looking at a bill of over a thousand pounds. Our advice, if you toilet is anyways blocked, address the issue as soon as possible and don’t allow it to fester”

The most expensive things you can flush down the toilet ; Ranked

  1. Baby Wipes  – “If its only a small blockage it can usually be cleared with a drain snake and a plunger, this can set you back anywhere from £50-£200 to fix. However if you leave the problem linger and allow the wipes to build up in your plumbing, you’ll need more specialised equipment and possibly even extensive repairs to your plumbing – this can set you back thousands of pounds.”
  2. Feminine Hygiene Products – “Again, it depends on the severity of the blockage but if these are flushed down the toilet on a regular basis you could be looking at spending around £100-£500 to fix the issue.”
  3. Paper Towels “These can really clog up your plumbing, it’s ballpark £100-£500 depending on the severity”
  4. Cooking grease and oil“In a lot of cases you’ll need to use pretty specialised equipment to clear these blockages, so you’re looking at a bill for around £200-£1000 depending on how bad the problem is”
  5. Cat litter: “Another big offender, due to its absorbency cat litter can cause major issue. Similarly to grease and oil, you’ll need pretty heavy duty equipment to get the job done, you’re looking at £200-£1000 again depending on the severity of the blockage”

Tackling Frozen and Burst Pipes

The winter months often pose significant threat to heating and water systems, as extreme cold can lead to plumbing disasters.

As temperatures across the UK plummet, it’s important to know: When do pipes freeze, how can you keep it from happening, and who do you call when you have a burst pipe?

Here, Kevin Wellman, CEO at the Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering, answers some of the most commonly asked questions about frozen and burst pipes:

Why do pipes freeze?

Your pipes are likely to have some water in them, even if your taps aren’t turned on. When temperatures drop, the water within exposed or uninsulated pipework is susceptible to freezing. This could leave you without running water.

Why is it bad for pipes to freeze?

If pipes freeze, water supplies to taps, showers and toilet cisterns, or your boiler could be limited. Frozen water in the pipes may also lead to boiler damage, cracked or burst pipes, and substantial leaks. Damage caused by these can be incredible costly to put right. In fact, the average cost of remedying the impact of burst pipes in domestic properties was £9,300, according to 2021 statistics from the Association of British Insurers.

When should I be worried about pipes freezing?

Pipes are at risk of freezing when temperatures drop below 0°C.

How do you know if pipes are frozen?

Here are some of the warning signs that your pipework is frozen or burst:

  • Lack of water coming out of your taps
  • Central heating making a gurgling sound or in lockout
  • Your boiler won’t switch on
  • The toilet will not flush

Can pipes freeze in one night?

Yes, pipes can freeze in as little as six hours.

How do you keep your pipes from freezing?

To help avoid problems with freezing pipes, you should identify where your internal stopcock/stop-valve is and ensure it’s in working order – try to check it still functions every six months. Also, be sure to have regular boiler services. If you’ve not done so already, it’s a good idea to insulate all pipes in locations vulnerable to the cold, too.

If you have plans to leave your home unoccupied for a prolonged period, you may wish to turn off the water supply via your stop-valve as this will significantly reduce the risk of any pipes freezing. Open the taps and run off any remaining water. If you are able, try draining the pipes out to make sure they are completely empty. It is also recommended that repairs on dripping taps are prioritised because doing so will prevent ice forming.

Advice for those with a smart thermostat in their home is to use the anti-frost setting to prevent pipes from freezing. While we appreciate rising energy bills may deter you from putting your heating on, the cost of frozen pipes is significantly higher. Therefore, heating your home is a recommended investment for reducing the disruption, distress and expense that could be caused by freezing pipework this winter.

In addition, if your radiator valve has a snowflake symbol, this allows you to control the water temperature and flow. To prevent freezing, set it to a minimal flow between pipes and radiators.

How do I know if my boiler condensate pipe is frozen?

If you hear gurgling noises coming from your heating system and the boiler shuts down during freezing temperatures, it is possible that your condensate pipe has frozen. This is part of a failsafe mechanism to protect the boiler from water going back up the pipe and inside the boiler, causing damage to the electrics etc.

Look for a plastic pipe connected to your boiler that runs outside. If safe to do so, pour warm (not boiling) water along the pipe to gently thaw it. Reset your boiler and, if the pipe has been successfully defrosted, the boiler should start normally again. If you are unable to do any of this yourself, call a professional for adviceand assistance.

What should I do if my pipes freeze?

In the first instance, turn off your water mains using your stop-valve. The stop-valve regulates and controls the flow of mains water, allowing you to shut off the water for repairs or to avoid disasters. 

Then, locate the frozen pipe and thaw out pipes slowly. Only ever attempt to thaw pipes that are easily accessible and/or at ground level, and always start thawing at the end nearest the tap. Recommended methods include hot water bottles or towels soaked in hot water. 

You could also try wrapping heated cloths around the pipework. Be careful because even if water is flowing from taps, other parts of the system may still be frozen.

Avoid using boiling water for thawing as this can be problematic if there are splits in the pipe that you haven’t spotted – since they’re not always noticeable. 

Avoid using a naked flame as this could damage your pipes or start a fire from flammable material.

What should I do if my pipes burst? / What to do if you have a burst pipe?

In the instance of a burst pipe, once you have turned off the water supply, you should seek the assistance of a plumbing professional. 

Do not touch electrics if these have been affected by water and turn them off via the fuse box /consumer unit box.

There is also a higher risk of boiler damage if the boiler (or other heat source) is kept alight, so make sure to switch off electric immersion heaters etc.

What can cause a burst pipe?

When water freezes it expands and puts pressure on whatever is containing it. In this case, frozen water may cause the pipes to split or crack.

Can pipes freeze and not burst?

They can. Frozen pipes do not always burst, particularly if the expanding ice can push water out through an open tap. However, pipes freeze rapidly so the time between freezing and bursting can be very short.

What happens when a pipe bursts?

A burst pipe means the structural integrity of the pipe is lacking. Therefore, when the ice in the pipes thaws it is likely to leak through the cracks or splits.

What are the signs of a burst pipe?

The main sign of a burst pipes are puddles or damp patches. Small puddles could simply be a leak, whereas large pools of water in multiple areas usually indicates a burst pipe and possibly noisy from the pressure loss.

How serious is a burst pipe?

Leaks, puddles or flooding caused by burst pipes could lead to serious structural or electrical damage in your home. Unless they are remedied, leaks can also create breeding grounds for mould and mildew which can be a health risk.

Should I call a plumber if my pipes are frozen or burst?

Yes. In most cases you should consult with a professional plumber to tackle known burst or frozen pipes. Similarly, if you don’t know where the frozen pipes are or you can’t access the area but suspect that you may have frozen or burst pipes, it is best to call a plumber for assistance.

How do I find a good local plumber?

You can find a high quality heating and plumbing expert online via the Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering’s find a plumber or heating engineer tool.

SkillsPLUMB: Scotland’s apprentice plumbers display their expertise

Following a two-year Covid gap, Scotland’s top plumbing apprentices have finally had the opportunity of demonstrating their expertise at the much-anticipated SkillsPLUMB competition held at Glasgow Clyde College last month.

Organised by SNIPEF, Scotland and Northern Ireland’s plumbing and heating industry’s trade association, the SkillPLUMB competition, which enables talented apprentices to showcase their skills and knowledge of best plumbing practice, is designed to promote standards and skills across the plumbing industry by developing competence into excellence.

Under close inspection by industry experts, competing apprentices tested their expertise on a series of challenging practical tests and were assessed on their individual knowledge, practical skills and employability attributes against set criteria in a competitively timed environment.

The action-packed day saw a total of 24 apprentices from colleges and training centres across Scotland competing for the top prizes in the lead and copper competitions. The winners were as follows:

LEAD Winners

  • First: Gregor McNee of Dundee & Angus College who is employed by Tayside Boiler Services.
  • Second: Ryan McCrone of Glasgow Clyde College who works for Cruden Building (Scotland) Ltd.
  • Third: Ben Mitchell of West College Scotland (Paisley) who is employed by James Frew.

COPPER Winners

  • First: Sean Esslemont of Moray College who is employed by McDonald & Munro Ltd.
  • Second: Kayne Forsyth of North East College Scotland who works for Camwater Ltd.
  • Third: Jack Forbes of Edinburgh College who is employed by A Alexander & Son (Electrical) Ltd.

The competition gave participants three hours to complete practical exercises in copper pipework or lead work before their work was to be critiqued assessed and marked by a panel of technical experts.

As the Scotland regional heat for SkillPLUMB, the highest-scoring competitors in the copper competition may go onto represent Scotland in the WorldSkillsUK 2022 National Finals which will take place this November in Middlesbrough.

The judges of the lead competition were Alan Marshall, Associated Lead Mills, Robin Hall, SNIPEF Past President and George Todd, SNIPEF Technical Advisor.

The judges of the copper competition were John Docherty, SNIPEF Junior Vice-President, Paul Dodds MBE, UK Skills, Mally Butters, British Plumbing Employers Council (BPEC) and Martyn Raine, SNIPEF Technical Manager.

Jamie Hepburn MSP, Minister for Higher Education and Further Education, Youth Employment and Training, attended the event as the SkillPLUMB competition’s guest of honour.

Stephanie Lowe, Acting Chief Executive Officer of SNIPEF, said: “This great event would not be possible without the support of our partners, funders and sponsors to whom we wish to say a huge thank you, not least to Associated Lead Mills for supplying the lead and Mueller Europe for supplying the copper.”

SNIPEF’s Training Services up for national Award for Excellence

The Scotland and Northern Ireland Plumbing Employers’ Federation’s (SNIPEF) training arm, SNIPEF Training Services, (STS) working together as a task group with nine of Scotland’s colleges, has been shortlisted in the category of “Best Use of Technology in the Delivery of Plumbing Training” by BPEC, the nationally recognised training organisation which is set to hold its Annual Awards for Excellence 2021 ceremony online on Wednesday 8 December.

STS subcontracts off-the-job training to 18 colleges located across Scotland where around 850 apprentices are currently in training. The COVID-19 lockdown and the closure of colleges throughout the country, presented the challenge of ensuring apprentices remained on track to complete their Plumbing & Heating (P&H) Modern Apprenticeship (MA).

Apprentices were unable to enter college premises to undertake their theoretical/practical assessments in the SQA assessments rooms, so STS approached the MA joint awarding bodies, the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) and the Scottish and Northern Ireland Joint Industry Board (SNIJIB) to explore alternative assessments (AA) procedures.

Dale Thomson, Apprentice Training Manager for SNIPEF, said: “First, we had to ensure any new assessments could be accessed by all apprentices from the safety of their own homes, so we decided to use Microsoft Forms as all apprentices have a Microsoft account.

“Second, with distance learning, we had to ensure that all apprentices had access to suitable IT equipment and were able to undertake assessments, so we worked with our subcontractors to facilitate this.”

Together the task group created 19 AAs with three variations each, typically with around 20/40 questions in each assessment. The work for the AAs ensured that when colleges were able to return, they only had to get apprentices up to date with their practical assessments.

Dale Thomson added: “The new AAs have been well received from employers, apprentices and the Scottish Government’s Skills Minister, Jamie Hepburn.

“Due to its success the joint awarding bodies asked STS to look after and maintain the AAs which will in due course replace the SQA solar assessments.”

Fiona Hodgson, Chief Executive of SNIPEF, said: “The clarity and determination with which the task group addressed the issue and rapidly developed an excellent alternative solution is a tribute to the professionalism of its members.

“It is gratifying to have been shortlisted for this award which, in its own way, underlines the importance of applying new technologies to a range of issues not only within the plumbing and heating sector but in the UK construction industry generally.”

Pleased as punch: plumbing apprentices pick up industry awards

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Plumbing apprentices from Edinburgh College proved they have bright careers in the pipeline by winning prizes at the trade’s professional body annual awards.

Four apprentices received awards from the Scottish & Northern Ireland Plumbing Employers’ Federation (SNIPEF) for excellent performance in college and the workplace. The students are each completing four-year modern apprenticeships with the college’s Construction department.

SNIPEF’s Edinburgh and District Branch gave awards to the best student in each of the first three years of the modern apprenticeship, and to the best improved apprentice. The event celebrated the achievements of apprentices from Edinburgh, Borders and Forth Valley colleges.

The awards for Edinburgh College apprentices were:

  • Best 1st Year apprentice        Kyle Rodger, T Clarke
  • Best 2nd Year apprentice       James Redpath, JSB
  • Best 3rd Year apprentice        Rory Watt, H&C Mechanical Services Ltd
  • Best Improved apprentice      Graeme McKenzie, CHC Group Ltd

Rory Watt was also runner up for the David More Trophy, which is awarded to the best over-all apprentice in the region and went to Martyn Smith from Forth Valley College.

Andrew Golightly, decorating, plastering and plumbing lecturer at Edinburgh College, said: “These apprentices represent the best we have at the college. They have proven to be excellent in their training, shown their commitment and become great plumbers and we are delighted that they are being recognised for that by SNIPEF Edinburgh and District Branch.

“Two of the award winners originally came to the college to complete a pre-apprenticeship course, and their awards tonight prove their commitment to learning and hard work.”

The 19 week pre-apprenticeship course provides a grounding in basic installation and servicing principles, an insight into the working environment, and a head start on the competition when applying for fulltime modern apprenticeship schemes. Plumbing students at Edinburgh College are able to use state of the art training facilities at the college’s Granton and Midlothian campuses to learn the essential skills they need to progress in the workplace.

The awards ceremony took place at Edinburgh College’s Granton Campus training restaurant, The Apprentice, with catering provided by professional cookery students.

PICTURE: Standing: Lecturer Andrew Golightly, Head of Construction John Laing, apprentices Kyle Rodger and Rory Watt, and curriculum manager Juliet Harkin. Front row:  apprentices James Redpath and Graeme McKenzie.