- More than half of children living in some constituencies are living in poverty after housing costs are factored in.
- Highest rates of child poverty in London and Birmingham
- Sharpest increases in child poverty in Midlands and northern cities.
- Local authority and constituency data available below.
Child poverty has risen most sharply in parts of the Midlands and Northern towns and cities in the past four years, according to research published today by the End Child Poverty coalition showing the scale of the challenge faced by government if it is to realise its ambition to build back better and level up opportunities for children across the UK.
The research by Loughborough University shows that, before the pandemic, in some parts of the country the majority of children were growing up in poverty, once housing costs are taken into account.
The greatest concentrations of children living in poverty are in London, with London boroughs and parts of Birmingham dominating the list of local authorities where child poverty is highest. In a dozen constituencies in London and Birmingham, more than half the children are living below the poverty line.
Yet the research also shows that the problem is not confined to the UK’s two largest cities. In the last four years, child poverty has risen fastest in parts of the Midlands and Northern towns and cities. Middlesbrough and parts of Tyneside have seen child poverty rates soar by over 10 percentage points since 2014/15.
In the past, low incomes in these areas were counteracted by cheaper housing costs, but during the five years leading up to 2018/19, rents in other parts of the country have risen by the same amount as in the capital, so in places where incomes are being depressed, this is less likely to be offset by falling relative housing costs.
Many of these families find, that once their housing costs are paid, they do not have enough money to meet their children’s needs and are left no option but to turn to crisis help, like food banks, and are increasingly reliant on free school meals.
The impact of poverty on children is well documented with children from low income families more likely to experience worse physical and mental health; do less well in school; and have fewer opportunities in the future.
The coalition is calling on the Government to recognise the scale of the problem and its impact on children’s lives. They are urging the Government to set out an ambitious plan to tackle child poverty encompassing not only social security spending but the high cost of housing and childcare and investment in children’s services.
The report is based on data published by the Department for Work and Pensions in March 2020, and on estimates of the effect of housing costs on poverty rates produced by the Centre for Research in Social Policy at Loughborough University, based on survey evidence.
Earlier this year, Boris Johnson was rebuked by the statistics watchdog for his repeated misuse of child poverty statistics. The Statistics Authority upheld a complaint from the End Child Poverty coalition judging that on three separate occasions his statements on child poverty were ‘incorrect’.
Anna Feuchtwang, Chair of End Child Poverty which commissioned the research, said: “The Government can be in no doubt about the challenge it faces if it is serious about ‘levelling up’ disadvantaged parts of the country.
“This new data reveals the true extent of the hardship experienced by families on low incomes – the overwhelming majority of which were working households before the pandemic. The children affected are on a cliff edge, and the pandemic will only sweep them further into danger.
“The Prime Minister must urgently admit to the true extent of child poverty in our country rather than resorting to his own inaccurate statistics. An ambitious plan to put this shameful situation right would be transformational for millions of children.
“As a matter of urgency we are calling on the Chancellor not to go ahead with planned cuts to Universal Credit which would see families lose out on £1000 a year. Given today’s data, this cut is unconscionable.”
End Child Poverty is calling for an urgent Government plan to end child poverty including:
- Uprating of housing assistance in line with inflation;
- Retain the £20 uplift in Universal Credit introduced at the start of the pandemic, which the Government has indicated will end in April 2021(a move supported by over 63k people and counting who have signed a petition to the Government);
- End the benefit cap and the two-child limit on benefits;
- Invest in all children with an increase to child benefit
- Extend Free School Meals to all families in receipt of Universal Credit and those with No Recourse to Public Funds
The full report ‘Local indicators of child poverty after housing costs, 2018/19’, as well as tables with local data, are available at: www.endchildpoverty.org.uk
THE PICTURE IN SCOTLAND
Child poverty has risen in nearly every Scottish local authority and Westminster constituency since 2014/15, according to research published today by the End Child Poverty coalition.
The new data shows the scale of the challenge faced by UK, Scottish and local government if commitments to end child poverty in Scotland are to be met and the promise to level up opportunities for children across the UK realised.
The research by Loughborough University shows that, even before the pandemic, levels of child poverty in Scotland ranged from one in seven children in the Shetland Islands to nearly one in three in Glasgow, once housing costs are taken into account. The varying impact of housing costs on levels of child poverty in different parts of the country is highlighted.
The data shows London boroughs and parts of Birmingham dominating the list of UK local authorities where child poverty is highest – however the campaigners say that there can be no room for complacency in Scotland.
They highlight that the impact of poverty on children is well documented with children from low income families more likely to experience worse physical and mental health; do less well in school; and have fewer opportunities in the future.
The coalition is calling on the UK Government to recognise the scale of the problem and its impact on children’s lives. They are urging UK Ministers to set out an ambitious plan to use Westminster powers to tackle child poverty across the UK, and are asking the Holyrood government to build on the Scottish child poverty delivery plan already in place.
They welcome the new Scottish child payment which will see eligible children under six entitled to £10 per week additional support from February 2021, with all under 16s benefitting by the end of 2022.
However they say that just to stop child poverty rising will require a doubling in the value of the new payment, and that families need urgent cash support now to bridge the gap until it’s roll out.
The report is based on data published by the Department for Work and Pensions in March 2020, and on estimates of the effect of housing costs on poverty rates produced by the Centre for Research in Social Policy at Loughborough University, based on survey evidence.
Earlier this year, Boris Johnson was rebuked by the statistics watchdog for his repeated misuse of child poverty statistics. The Statistics Authority upheld a complaint from the End Child Poverty coalition judging that on three separate occasions his statements on child poverty were ‘incorrect’.
Speaking on behalf of members of End Child Poverty in Scotland, John Dickie, said: “The Prime Minister must urgently face up to the true extent of child poverty across the UK rather than resorting to his own inaccurate statistics. An ambitious plan to put this shameful situation right would be transformational for millions of children in Scotland and across the UK.
“As a matter of urgency we are calling on the Chancellor not to go ahead with planned cuts to Universal Credit which would see families lose out on £1000 a year. Given today’s data, this cut is unconscionable.”
Mr Dickie also called for more action from government in Scotland: “Here in Scotland the Holyrood government’s child poverty delivery plan and prioritisation of the new Scottish child payment are hugely welcome.
“But these new figures highlight the importance of keeping housing costs affordable, the importance of reviewing the value of the Scottish child payment and the urgent need to use existing payment mechanisms, like local authority school clothing grants, to provide extra financial support to families right now.”
End Child Poverty is calling for an urgent UK Government plan to end child poverty including:
- Uprating of housing assistance in line with inflation;
- Retaining the £20 uplift in Universal Credit introduced at the start of the pandemic, which the Government has indicated will end in April 2021(retaining the uplift is supported by over 63k people who have signed a petition to the UK Government);
- Ending the benefit cap and the two-child limit on benefits;
- Investing in all children with an increase to child benefit
The full report ‘Local indicators of child poverty after housing costs, 2018/19’, as well as tables with local data, are available at: www.endchildpoverty.org.uk
| Children living in poverty, below 60% median income after housing costs, by Scottish local authority | |||||
| Local authority | Number | Percentage | Percentage point change (2015-19) | ||
| 2014/15 | 2018/19 | 2014/15 | 2018/19 | ||
| Aberdeen City | 6439 | 7471 | 19.2% | 21.5% | 2.3 |
| Aberdeenshire | 7622 | 7938 | 15.6% | 16.1% | 0.5 |
| Angus | 4253 | 4608 | 21.6% | 24.0% | 2.4 |
| Argyll and Bute | 2876 | 3056 | 21.2% | 23.4% | 2.2 |
| City of Edinburgh | 14145 | 15295 | 18.8% | 19.5% | 0.7 |
| Clackmannanshire | 2250 | 2409 | 24.8% | 26.8% | 2.0 |
| Dumfries and Galloway | 5610 | 6141 | 23.4% | 26.2% | 2.8 |
| Dundee City | 5812 | 6540 | 24.5% | 27.3% | 2.8 |
| East Ayrshire | 5250 | 5899 | 24.8% | 27.9% | 3.1 |
| East Dunbartonshire | 2899 | 3109 | 15.7% | 16.1% | 0.5 |
| East Lothian | 4188 | 4489 | 22.3% | 23.3% | 1.0 |
| East Renfrewshire | 2791 | 2940 | 15.4% | 15.2% | -0.2 |
| Falkirk | 6555 | 6929 | 23.1% | 24.5% | 1.4 |
| Fife | 15390 | 16993 | 24.0% | 26.3% | 2.4 |
| Glasgow City | 26146 | 31823 | 27.0% | 31.8% | 4.8 |
| Highland | 8637 | 9054 | 21.5% | 23.0% | 1.6 |
| Inverclyde | 2904 | 3013 | 22.1% | 23.8% | 1.7 |
| Midlothian | 3713 | 4068 | 22.8% | 23.2% | 0.4 |
| Moray | 3480 | 3617 | 21.0% | 22.4% | 1.5 |
| Na h-Eileanan Siar | 768 | 847 | 17.3% | 19.5% | 2.2 |
| North Ayrshire | 5895 | 6448 | 25.2% | 28.3% | 3.0 |
| North Lanarkshire | 15503 | 16528 | 24.4% | 26.2% | 1.8 |
| Orkney Islands | 691 | 779 | 19.8% | 21.9% | 2.1 |
| Perth and Kinross | 5013 | 5403 | 20.4% | 22.2% | 1.7 |
| Renfrewshire | 6083 | 6958 | 20.2% | 23.0% | 2.8 |
| Scottish Borders | 4132 | 4544 | 21.6% | 23.9% | 2.3 |
| Shetland Islands | 549 | 608 | 12.8% | 14.4% | 1.6 |
| South Ayrshire | 4167 | 4404 | 23.3% | 25.0% | 1.7 |
| South Lanarkshire | 12083 | 12799 | 22.0% | 23.2% | 1.2 |
| Stirling | 3168 | 3285 | 20.5% | 21.3% | 0.8 |
| West Dunbartonshire | 3861 | 4310 | 24.6% | 27.4% | 2.8 |
| West Lothian | 7632 | 8380 | 21.7% | 23.7% | 1.9 |
| Child poverty, % of children below 60% median income, before (BHC) and after (AHC) housing costs, by Scottish local authority | |||
| 2018/19 | 2018/19 | ||
| BHC | AHC | percentage point difference | |
| between BHC and AHC | |||
| Aberdeen City | 14.9% | 21.5% | 6.6 |
| Aberdeenshire | 10.4% | 16.1% | 5.7 |
| Angus | 17.6% | 24.0% | 6.4 |
| Argyll and Bute | 17.3% | 23.4% | 6.1 |
| City of Edinburgh | 12.6% | 19.5% | 6.9 |
| Clackmannanshire | 20.8% | 26.8% | 6.0 |
| Dumfries and Galloway | 20.6% | 26.2% | 5.6 |
| Dundee City | 21.4% | 27.3% | 5.9 |
| East Ayrshire | 22.9% | 27.9% | 5.0 |
| East Dunbartonshire | 10.4% | 16.1% | 5.7 |
| East Lothian | 15.8% | 23.3% | 7.5 |
| East Renfrewshire | 10.0% | 15.2% | 5.2 |
| Falkirk | 18.1% | 24.5% | 6.4 |
| Fife | 20.5% | 26.3% | 5.8 |
| Glasgow City | 28.0% | 31.8% | 3.8 |
| Highland | 16.7% | 23.0% | 6.3 |
| Inverclyde | 17.7% | 23.8% | 6.1 |
| Midlothian | 15.7% | 23.2% | 7.5 |
| Moray | 16.1% | 22.4% | 6.3 |
| Na h-Eileanan Siar | 13.4% | 19.5% | 6.1 |
| North Ayrshire | 23.4% | 28.3% | 4.9 |
| North Lanarkshire | 20.6% | 26.2% | 5.6 |
| Orkney Islands | 15.6% | 21.9% | 6.3 |
| Perth and Kinross | 15.7% | 22.2% | 6.5 |
| Renfrewshire | 16.9% | 23.0% | 6.1 |
| Scottish Borders | 17.6% | 23.9% | 6.3 |
| Shetland Islands | 9.3% | 14.4% | 5.1 |
| South Ayrshire | 19.2% | 25.0% | 5.8 |
| South Lanarkshire | 17.2% | 23.2% | 6.0 |
| Stirling | 14.9% | 21.3% | 6.4 |
| West Dunbartonshire | 21.9% | 27.4% | 5.5 |
| West Lothian | 17.1% | 23.7% | 6.6 |
| Child poverty, % of children below 60% median income after housing costs (AHC), by Westminster constituency | |||||
| Parliamentary constituency | Number | Percentage | Percentage point change (2015-19) | ||
| 2014/15 | 2018/19 | 2014/15 | 2018/19 | ||
| Aberdeen North | 3334 | 4087 | 22.0% | 26.5% | 4.5 |
| Aberdeen South | 1925 | 2322 | 13.9% | 16.0% | 2.1 |
| Airdrie and Shotts | 4151 | 4410 | 25.5% | 27.2% | 1.7 |
| Angus | 3320 | 3649 | 22.9% | 25.7% | 2.8 |
| Argyll and Bute | 2809 | 3021 | 20.6% | 23.2% | 2.5 |
| Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock | 3913 | 4212 | 26.2% | 28.6% | 2.5 |
| Banff and Buchan | 3246 | 3365 | 20.1% | 20.8% | 0.7 |
| Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk | 3436 | 3886 | 22.4% | 25.2% | 2.8 |
| Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross | 2385 | 2546 | 23.1% | 25.6% | 2.5 |
| Central Ayrshire | 3630 | 3959 | 24.7% | 27.0% | 2.3 |
| Coatbridge, Chryston and Bellshill | 4294 | 4548 | 24.0% | 25.9% | 1.8 |
| Cumbernauld, Kilsyth and Kirkintilloch East | 3398 | 3745 | 21.3% | 23.3% | 2.0 |
| Dumfries and Galloway | 3753 | 4058 | 24.3% | 26.8% | 2.5 |
| Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale | 3014 | 3310 | 21.2% | 23.8% | 2.6 |
| Dundee East | 3385 | 3607 | 21.5% | 23.1% | 1.7 |
| Dundee West | 3236 | 3801 | 24.6% | 28.2% | 3.6 |
| Dunfermline and West Fife | 3887 | 4342 | 21.1% | 23.2% | 2.1 |
| East Dunbartonshire | 2289 | 2292 | 16.2% | 15.6% | -0.7 |
| East Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow | 3242 | 3602 | 18.3% | 20.3% | 2.0 |
| East Lothian | 4172 | 5058 | 22.2% | 26.2% | 3.9 |
| East Renfrewshire | 3119 | 3326 | 17.2% | 17.2% | 0.0 |
| Edinburgh East | 2808 | 3088 | 21.6% | 22.8% | 1.2 |
| Edinburgh North and Leith | 2909 | 3116 | 19.0% | 19.9% | 0.9 |
| Edinburgh South | 2105 | 2180 | 14.7% | 14.7% | 0.0 |
| Edinburgh South West | 2884 | 3049 | 18.6% | 19.2% | 0.6 |
| Edinburgh West | 2432 | 2900 | 14.3% | 15.8% | 1.5 |
| Na h-Eileanan an Iar | 700 | 799 | 15.8% | 18.4% | 2.6 |
| Falkirk | 4274 | 4594 | 21.8% | 23.8% | 2.0 |
| Glasgow Central | 3859 | 5561 | 32.8% | 41.3% | 8.5 |
| Glasgow East | 4316 | 5313 | 27.1% | 30.6% | 3.5 |
| Glasgow North | 2473 | 2882 | 27.7% | 31.2% | 3.5 |
| Glasgow North East | 4150 | 4850 | 28.0% | 33.4% | 5.4 |
| Glasgow North West | 3672 | 4289 | 24.8% | 29.0% | 4.2 |
| Glasgow South | 3820 | 4350 | 26.4% | 30.8% | 4.4 |
| Glasgow South West | 4549 | 5298 | 28.0% | 31.8% | 3.9 |
| Glenrothes | 4390 | 4853 | 27.1% | 29.8% | 2.7 |
| Gordon | 2098 | 2550 | 11.5% | 13.5% | 2.0 |
| Inverclyde | 2818 | 2926 | 21.4% | 23.2% | 1.7 |
| Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey | 3697 | 3912 | 20.4% | 21.5% | 1.1 |
| Kilmarnock and Loudoun | 4091 | 4624 | 24.3% | 27.6% | 3.3 |
| Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath | 4706 | 5293 | 26.2% | 29.2% | 3.0 |
| Lanark and Hamilton East | 3673 | 3865 | 23.0% | 23.8% | 0.7 |
| Linlithgow and East Falkirk | 4885 | 5173 | 22.1% | 22.5% | 0.4 |
| Livingston | 4580 | 5152 | 21.2% | 24.2% | 3.1 |
| Midlothian | 3497 | 3843 | 21.4% | 21.8% | 0.4 |
| Moray | 3367 | 3552 | 20.4% | 22.0% | 1.6 |
| Motherwell and Wishaw | 4518 | 4821 | 26.2% | 27.7% | 1.5 |
| North Ayrshire and Arran | 3957 | 4237 | 24.8% | 27.6% | 2.8 |
| North East Fife | 2158 | 2402 | 18.9% | 21.1% | 2.3 |
| Ochil and South Perthshire | 3790 | 4031 | 21.2% | 22.5% | 1.3 |
| Orkney and Shetland | 1346 | 1470 | 17.3% | 19.0% | 1.7 |
| Paisley and Renfrewshire North | 2954 | 3421 | 18.7% | 20.8% | 2.0 |
| Paisley and Renfrewshire South | 2817 | 3380 | 19.8% | 24.8% | 5.0 |
| Perth and North Perthshire | 3438 | 3690 | 22.0% | 23.8% | 1.9 |
| Ross, Skye and Lochaber | 2399 | 2478 | 20.7% | 22.3% | 1.6 |
| Rutherglen and Hamilton West | 4491 | 4720 | 23.3% | 24.4% | 1.0 |
| Stirling | 3099 | 3202 | 20.0% | 20.7% | 0.7 |
| West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine | 1904 | 2139 | 10.2% | 11.4% | 1.2 |
| West Dunbartonshire | 3867 | 4305 | 24.7% | 27.4% | 2.7 |
About End Child Poverty
End Child Poverty is a coalition of organisations from civic society including children’s charities, child welfare organisations, social justice groups, faith groups, trade unions and others, united in our vision of a UK free of child poverty. For more details visit: www.endchildpoverty.org.uk
End Child Poverty members in Scotland include Aberlour, Action for Children, Barnardo’s Scotland, Child Poverty Action Group (CPAG) in Scotland, Children 1st, Close the Gap, Engender, One Parent Families Scotland, Oxfam Scotland, Poverty Alliance, and Save the Children.
The 20 UK constituencies with the highest increases in AHC (after housing costs) child poverty 2014/15 -2018/19
| Constituency | % of children below 60% median income AHC | ||
| 2014/15 | 2018/19 | %age point increase | |
| UK | 28% | 30% | 2% |
| Middlesbrough | 31.2% | 47.2% | 16.0% |
| Newcastle upon Tyne Central | 31.7% | 45.2% | 13.5% |
| Birmingham Hodge Hill | 40.5% | 53.8% | 13.4% |
| Bradford West | 34.9% | 47.8% | 12.9% |
| Birmingham Ladywood | 41.8% | 54.5% | 12.7% |
| Birmingham Yardley | 32.4% | 44.7% | 12.4% |
| South Shields | 28.2% | 39.3% | 11.1% |
| Bradford East | 36.4% | 46.9% | 10.5% |
| Newcastle upon Tyne East | 27.1% | 36.8% | 9.7% |
| Bolton South East | 37.1% | 46.7% | 9.6% |
| Sedgefield | 23.5% | 33.0% | 9.5% |
| Hartlepool | 27.6% | 37.1% | 9.5% |
| Oldham West and Royton | 38.5% | 48.0% | 9.4% |
| Gateshead | 26.0% | 35.3% | 9.3% |
| Blackburn | 38.1% | 47.3% | 9.2% |
| Jarrow | 23.5% | 32.6% | 9.1% |
| Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland | 24.2% | 33.2% | 9.0% |
| Manchester Gorton | 38.6% | 47.6% | 9.0% |
| North Durham | 24.3% | 33.3% | 9.0% |
| Easington | 25.8% | 34.6% | 8.8% |
The 20 UK constituencies with the highest AHC compared to BHC (before housing costs) poverty rates, 2018/19
| Constituency | % of children below 60% median income AHC | ||
| AHC | BHC | %age point difference | |
| UK | 30% | 20% | 10% |
| Bethnal Green and Bow | 60.6% | 30.1% | 30.5% |
| Hackney South and Shoreditch | 52.0% | 23.9% | 28.1% |
| Bermondsey and Old Southwark | 50.3% | 22.3% | 28.0% |
| Holborn and St Pancras | 47.9% | 19.9% | 28.0% |
| Vauxhall | 49.7% | 22.2% | 27.5% |
| Poplar and Limehouse | 52.4% | 25.1% | 27.3% |
| Islington South and Finsbury | 46.2% | 19.4% | 26.8% |
| West Ham | 52.5% | 25.9% | 26.6% |
| Walthamstow | 50.8% | 24.5% | 26.3% |
| Tottenham | 50.2% | 24.0% | 26.2% |
| East Ham | 51.3% | 25.5% | 25.8% |
| Camberwell and Peckham | 46.1% | 21.1% | 25.0% |
| Hackney North and Stoke Newington | 44.6% | 19.6% | 25.0% |
| Greenwich and Woolwich | 45.9% | 21.0% | 24.9% |
| Mitcham and Morden | 48.5% | 23.8% | 24.7% |
| Leyton and Wanstead | 46.0% | 21.3% | 24.7% |
| Lewisham West and Penge | 45.9% | 21.5% | 24.4% |