While all households benefit from public services – some benefit more than others
Research from 2007-08 found that the average cash benefit to households from public services was more than £21,400 per year – but that those on low and modest incomes gain especially.
Spending on public services is particularly valuable for families with children.
We know that women use and depend upon public services more than men. This is because women are more likely to be on low wages, more likely to experience poverty, more likely to have unpaid caring responsibilities for children, elderly, and disabled people, and far more likely to experience domestic abuse and gender-based violence. Services that support families on low incomes including free school meals and childcare are vital to women in Scotland.
In contrast, men disproportionately benefit from tax cuts, such as cuts to national insurance, as they earn more. Across the UK, 26% of men are classed as high earners, but only 18% of women.iii
As well as being more likely to benefit from receiving public services, women are also more likely to work in public services. In Scotland, 40 per cent of female employees are public sector workers compared to only 23 per cent of male employees.
Research from last year found that a 12% increase in public sector pay would reduce Scotland’s earnings gap between men and women by about 2 percentage points.iv
The STUC Women’s Committee is calling for tax raising measures to be put in place to protect our public services. This includes increases in income taxes for high earners, as well as wealth and property taxes.
Lorna Glen, Chair of the STUC Women’s Committee said: “If the Scottish Government are serious about tackling gender inequality, then they need to invest in our public services.
“STUC’s tax report shows that is within the powers of our parliament – through income and property taxes – to raise £1.1 billion from April next year. Coupled with longer-term wealth, property and aviation taxes, the Scottish Government could raise a further £2.6 billion.
“Rather than threatening cuts to public services, these are the measures that we need to see if we are to reduce gender inequality.
“It is women who both power our public services and depend on them.”
UK Chief Vet urges owners to take all necessary steps to ensure they are complying with the law
From 31 December all XL Bully type dogs must be kept on a lead and muzzled in public.
It will also be illegal from this date to breed, sell, advertise, gift, exchange, and abandon these dogs or let them stray.
UK Chief Vet urges owners to take all necessary steps to ensure they are complying with the law.
Over 4,000 exemption certificate applications have now been received.
XL Bully owners are today being urged to make sure they are ready to comply with new restrictions that come into force on 31 December in England and Wales.
The message from the UK Chief Vet Christine Middlemiss comes with less than two weeks for the deadline for keeping XL Bully dogs on a lead and muzzled when in public. It will also become illegal to breed, sell, advertise, gift, exchange, abandon, or let XL Bully dogs stray from this date.
There is also just over 6 weeks left to apply for an exemption certificate before the ban of the breed comes into force on the 1st February. Over 4000 applications have been now received with the majority of certificates issued in less than a week.
Owners will need to provide proof that their dog has been microchipped and it will need to be neutered by 30th June for older dogs, and the end of 2024 if the dog is under one year old.
Chief Veterinary Officer Christine Middlemiss said: “New legal restrictions for XL Bullies are now less than a fortnight away. Owners should read the guidance and ensure they are ready to comply with the new rules, which includes keeping your XL Bully dog muzzled and on a lead in public from 31 December.
“From 1 February 2024, it will also be a criminal offence to be in possession of an XL Bully in England and Wales unless you have applied for an exemption. Please do not risk leaving it to the last minute if you want to keep your dog, you should apply now for a Certificate of Exemption.
“We recommend a precautionary approach – if you are unsure if your dog is an XL Bully or whether any puppies may grow up to be of this dog type, you should comply with the relevant requirements and restrictions.”
After the transition period ends, owners without a Certificate of Exemption could receive a criminal record and an unlimited fine if they are found to be in possession of an XL Bully type. These measures are being introduced to safeguard the public following an increase in dog attacks in recent years. Up until 2021 there were around 3 fatalities per year. There have been 23 since the start of 2021 – with the XL Bully being disproportionately involved in this rise.
To receive an exemption, owners must hold active public liability insurance for their dog, have had their dog microchipped, and pay the application fee. Owners will also be required to provide proof that their dog has been neutered. For most dogs, this will be by 30th June, and for dogs under one year old, this should be by the end of 2024.
During the transition period, owners who no longer wish to keep their dogs and who arrange for a vet to euthanise them may apply for compensation towards this. Owners and their vets will need to complete a form to make a claim.
Leading animal welfare organisations including Blue Cross, Dogs Trust, PDSA and Battersea Dogs and Cats Home have developed a range of helpful resources and free online learning opportunities to support owners to muzzle train their dogs.
Owners whose dogs are dangerously out of control are already breaking the law, and the enforcement authorities have a full range of powers to apply penalties to them. Under the Dangerous Dogs Act, people can be put in prison for up to 14 years, be disqualified from ownership and their dangerous dogs can be euthanised.
If your dog is less than one year old on 31 January 2024, it must be neutered and evidence received by 31 December 2024
more than one year old on 31 January 2024, it must be neutered and evidence received by 30 June 2024
If your dog is already neutered, a vet must confirm this by:
31 December 2024 for dogs less than one year old on 31 January 2024
30 June 2024 for dogs more than one year old on 31 January 2024
DOES THE LEGISLATION APPLY IN SCOTLAND?
Then Secretary of State for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs, Therese Coffey (remember her – Ed.?) confirmed the UK Government intention to add XL bullies to the 1991 Act and plans to speak to devolved nations to implement this across the UK. If Scottish Ministers agree, then the ban will be applied in Scotland.
If a ban is implemented in Scotland then this does not mean XL bullies will be euthanised, they can be added to the index of exempted dogs.
The UK Government plans to convene an expert group to specify a legal definition of the XL bully. The group will consist of animal welfare experts, veterinary professionals, the police, experts in breeds and representatives from the four nations.
The findings of the group will inform Scotland’s actions on the ban going forward.
(INFO – Scottish SPCA)
Last month (November) a Scottish Government spokesperson said: “We are carefully considering the evidence as to whether changes to ban the XL Bully dogs and breed will be applied in Scotland.”
