29 million workers receive largest ever cut to National Insurance
Government is sticking to its economic plan and rewarding hard work in this month’s pay packet, with over £900 a year boost for typical worker
Signals government’s long-term ambition to end unfair double tax on work
29 million workers will see their hard work rewarded from tomorrow (6 April), as record tax cuts come into full force.
Since Autumn 2023, National Insurance Contributions (NICs) for workers have been slashed by a third – the largest cut to NICs in history – with a longer-term ambition to end the unfair double tax on work and abolish employee and self-employed NICs altogether.
Since January, the main rate of employee National Insurance has been cut for 27 million workers from 12% to 8%, saving the average employee on £35,400 over £900 a year.
Over 2 million self-employed people will benefit from the main rate of Class 4 NICs being cut from 9% to 6% alongside the abolition of the requirement to pay Class 2 NICs – simplifying the tax system and saving an average self-employed person on £28,000 over £650 a year.
These cuts are possible because the economy is turning a corner, thanks to the government’s decisive action to bring inflation down from 11.1% to 3.4% and ensure borrowing costs start to fall. Because of this progress, the government can now cut taxes to reward work and grow the economy.
The tax cuts – worth £20 billion a year – mean that those individuals on average salaries will now pay less in personal taxes than they would in any other G7 country.
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak said:“Hard work is one of my core values, and the progress we have made on the economy means we can reward work with a tax cut worth £900 for the average earner.
“This marks the next step in our plan to end the unfairness of double taxation of work by abolishing National Insurance in the long term.”
Chancellor of the Exchequer, Jeremy Hunt, said:“The record tax cuts taking effect tomorrow show our economic plan is working – because of the progress we’ve made we’re putting hundreds of pounds a year back into the pockets of working people across the country.
“It shows we stand behind those who work hard and fires the starting gun on our long-term ambition to end the unfair double tax on work.”
The tax cuts will also help grow the economy by bringing more people into the labour market. The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) expects that, as a result of these combined cuts, total hours worked will increase by the equivalent of almost 200,000 full-time workers by 2028-29.
To mark the record cuts to NICs, HMRC has launched an updated online tool to help people understand how much they personally could save in National Insurance this year.
They come into effect on the same day as an increase to the income threshold at which the High Income Child Benefit Charge (HICBC) starts – from £50,000 to £60,000 – taking 170,000 families out of paying the charge altogether.
The rate at which the HICBC is charged will also be halved from 1% of the Child Benefit payment for every additional £100 earnt above the threshold, to 1% for every £200, meaning Child Benefit will not be withdrawn in full until individuals earn £80,000 or higher.
As a result of these changes, 485,000 hard-working families will gain an average of £1,260 towards the costs of raising their children in 2024/25.
The government has also committed to consulting in due course on administering the HICBC on a household basis by April 2026, in recognition of how charging on an individual basis can sometimes lead to unfair outcomes, in particular for single parents and single earner families.
These changes to support hard-working families follow a raft of measures that came into force on 1 April that could save households up to £3,850 a year on average to help those struggling with cost-of-living while igniting the economy.
This includes a record increase in the National Living Wage from £10.42 an hour to £11.44, and a 12.3% drop in energy bills from the previous quarter. In addition, households can benefit from a separate increase to the Local Housing Allowance that will mean some of the poorest families on either Universal Credit or Housing Benefit will gain £800 a year on average.
And on Monday 8 April, the government will stand by its commitment to maintain the Triple Lock by raising the full basic State Pension by 8.5% to almost £170 a week, after the largest ever cash increase last year.
Changes like the introduction of the Triple Lock and new State Pension have meant pensioners are on average £1,000 better off than in 2010, according to the Resolution Foundation.
Average worker in Scotland will be £833 better off a year as government cuts taxes
Over 2.4 million workers in Scotland will benefit as National Insurance cuts hit pay packets this month
27 million employees to benefit across the country from tax cuts that reward work and grow the economy
The typical worker in Scotland will be £833 better off thanks to successive cuts to employee National Insurance contributions (NICs), which hit pay packets this month.
27 million workers across the UK will see a boost to their take-home pay from 6 April, with over 2.4 million people to benefit in Scotland alone.
The savings are a result of successive cuts to NICs announced by the Chancellor, slashing the main rate of employee NICs from 12% to 8% and the main rate of self-employed NICs from 9% to 6%.
These cuts are possible because the economy is turning a corner, thanks to the government’s decisive action to bring inflation down from 11.1% to 3.4%. The government is sticking to its economic plan and in the longer-term, it has the ambition to cut NICs further, ending the unfair double tax on work.
Chancellor of the Exchequer Jeremy Hunt said:“The tax cuts coming into force this week show that our economic plan is working, putting £833 a year back into the pockets of working people across Scotland.
“People will start to see this saving in their pay packet this month and, when it’s responsible to do so, we will go further – ending the unfair double tax on those who earn their income through work.”
Secretary of State for Scotland Alister Jack said: “It’s fantastic that this second 2p cut to National Insurance, on top of the first 2p cut in January, is putting more money in the pockets of hard-working Scots from today. Around 2.4 million Scottish workers will be £833 per year better off, on average.
“It’s all part of our plan to increase prosperity and grow the economy. And with inflation expected to fall to target next quarter, our measures are working.”
Taking the NICs reforms across Autumn Statement and Spring Budget together, this is an overall tax cut worth over £20 billion per year, the largest ever cut to employee and self-employed National Insurance.
Due to the combined cuts to employee and self-employed NICs, the OBR forecast that total hours worked will increase by the equivalent of almost 200,000 full-time workers by 2028-29 and help grow the economy.
These changes mean that for single individuals on average salaries, personal taxes would have been lower in the UK than in France, Germany and every other G7 economy, based on the most recent OECD data.
Chancellor urged to prioritise investment in public services
The Chancellor’s Spring Budget must provide Scotland with the increased funding needed for public services, infrastructure and cost of living support, Ministers have urged.
The UK Government should also heed the recent advice from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) against further tax cuts, Ministers added.
Deputy First Minister Shona Robison has written to the Chancellor ahead of the Spring Budget on 6 March, urging him to:
provide increased funding for public services and capital investment
increase cost of living support, including by ending the two-child limit, benefits cap, young parent penalty in Universal Credit, bedroom tax and Local Housing Allowance freeze
legislate for an essentials guarantee giving basic necessities and a social tariff for energy bills for those who need them most
transfer National Insurance powers so the Scottish Government can design a tax system fully suited to Scotland’s needs
urgently review the support needed for businesses that are continuing to struggle with bills which are too high, including through use of VAT powers
support measures to reduce carbon emissions, including by making it easier for existing buildings to be retrofitted with energy-saving materials
Separately, Public Finance Minister Tom Arthur wrote to Chief Secretary to the Treasury Laura Trott arguing that tax cuts funded by cuts to public spending would “further damage the services our most vulnerable rely on”.
The Deputy First Minister said: “When I presented our draft Budget for 2024-25 in December, I set out that the UK Government’s Autumn Statement had been a worst case scenario for Scotland’s finances.
“Our Block Grant has fallen by 1.2% in real terms since 2022-23 and the UK Treasury is slashing our capital funding by almost 10% in real terms between 2023-24 and 2027-28. Similar pressures are faced by the other devolved governments in Wales and Northern Ireland.
“With the UK Government’s Spring Budget it is vital that they change course. There is a clear need for increased investment by the UK Government in public services and infrastructure, as has been recognised by the IMF. I would urge the Chancellor to use whatever headroom may be available to prioritise investment in public services and infrastructure over tax cuts.
“The Scottish Budget has prioritised funding for social security and public services in line with our three missions. Yet our spending remains constrained by the decisions of the UK Government.
“The UK Spring Budget is a key opportunity to increase funding for our vital public services and the infrastructure that supports our economy and communities, as well as supporting people with the cost of living and investing in our net zero future.
DFM calls for Autumn Statement funding to support key missions
The Chancellor’s Autumn Statement must deliver more funding for public services, net zero and cost of living support instead of cutting taxes, Deputy First Minister Shona Robison has urged.
Ahead of the Scottish Budget next month, the Deputy First Minister called for the Chancellor to provide a funding settlement to support the Scottish Government’s key missions of equality, opportunity and community.
Ms Robison, who is also Finance Secretary, is urging the Chancellor to:
increase the Scottish Government’s capital budget in line with inflation to help deliver vital infrastructure
deliver additional funding across the UK to fund public services and fair public sector pay awards
commit to increasing working-age benefits in line with inflation next year
legislate for an essentials guarantee giving basic necessities to those who need them most
prioritise investment in net zero, including funding for offshore wind projects in Scotland
The Deputy First Minister said: “The UK faces a combination of low growth and high interest rates. The Autumn Statement must learn the lessons from last year’s ‘mini budget’ – it must not compound these problems with ill-timed tax breaks which would place even greater pressure on the public finances.
“The Scottish Government is using the levers available to us to support people through this difficult time. However, it is important that the UK Government uses its full range of reserved powers to address these challenges. With many families continuing to struggle with the cost of living, the Chancellor must not use this statement to cut benefits.
“The Autumn Statement provides an important opportunity for the UK Government to support us to deliver the investment and services that Scotland needs, to demonstrate its commitment to net zero, and to help people and businesses with the economic challenges they face.”
Aye, I’m sure Jeremy Hunt will be hanging on to her every word! -Ed.
The Chancellor today (Friday 23 September) unveiled his Growth Plan to release the huge potential in the British economy by tackling high energy costs and inflation and delivering higher productivity and wages.
Chancellor unveils new growth plan, tackling energy costs to bring down inflation, backing business and helping households.
Corporation tax rise cancelled, keeping it at 19% as government sets sights on 2.5% trend rate of growth.
Basic rate of income tax cut to 19% in April 2023 – one year earlier than planned – with 31 million people getting on average £170 more per year.
Stamp Duty cuts will help people on all levels of the property market and lift 200,000 homebuyers every year out of paying the tax altogether.
The plan set the ambitious target for 2.5% trend of growth, securing sustainable funding for public services and improving living standards for everyone.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer, Kwasi Kwarteng, said: “Economic growth isn’t some academic term with no connection to the real world. It means more jobs, higher pay and more money to fund public services, like schools and the NHS.
“This will not happen overnight but the tax cuts and reforms I’ve announced today – the biggest package in generations – send a clear signal that growth is our priority.
“Cuts to stamp duty will get the housing market moving and support first-time buyers to put down roots. New Investment Zones will bring business investment and release land for new homes in communities across the country. And we’re accelerating new road, rail and energy projects by removing restrictions that have slowed down progress for too long.
“We want businesses to invest in the UK, we want the brightest and the best to work here and we want better living standards for everyone.”
Scottish Secretary Alister Jack said: “The Chancellor has set out an ambitious package of measures which will cut taxes and drive growth right across the UK.
“A strong economy is the best way to tackle the cost of living challenges we are all facing due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
“Our ‘Plan for Growth’ will support households and businesses in Scotland, while driving economic growth to deliver jobs, investment and prosperity.
“The UK Government is delivering for the people of Scotland when it really matters.”
Setting out the first steps towards growth, Kwasi Kwarteng revealed a package of major cuts to Stamp Duty Land Tax, with the changes expected to increase additional residential investment, boost spending on household goods and support the hundreds of thousands of jobs in the property industry from removals companies to decorators.
The nil rate band will be doubled from £125,000 to £250,000, meaning that 200,000 more people every year will be able to buy a home without paying any Stamp Duty at all. The standard buyer in England will save £2,5000, meaning a typical family moving into a semi-detached property will save £2,500 on stamp duty and £1,150 on energy bills – and if they have a combined income of £50,000 around an additional £560 on tax. This is around £4,200 in total.
And the Government is going even further to support first time buyers, who will now pay no stamp duty up to £425,000, and increasing the value of the property on which first time buyers can claim relief, from £500,000 to £625,000. This tax cut took effect from midnight today (Friday 23 Sept 2022). The Chancellor also announced that he will further support homebuyers by increasing the disposal of surplus government land to build new homes, increasing supply.
The Chancellor also set out plans to tackle to the biggest drag on growth – the high cost of energy driven by Vladimir Putin’s invasion of Ukraine, which has driven up inflation. To tackle this the government’s Energy Price Guarantee will save the typical household £1,000 a year on their energy bill with the Energy Bill Relief Scheme halving the cost of business energy bills, reducing peak inflation by about 5 percentage points.
Also revealed today were major tax reforms to allow businesses to keep more of their own money, encouraging investment, boosting productivity and creating jobs. New measures include cancelling the planned rise in corporation tax, keeping it the lowest in the G20 at 19%, and reversing the 1.25 percentage point rise in National Insurance contributions, a change which will save 920,000 businesses almost £10,000 on average next year.
The Chancellor also announced more relief for businesses by making the Annual Investment Allowance £1 million permanently, rather than letting it return to £200,000 in March 2023. This gives 100% tax relief to businesses on their plant and machinery investments up to the higher £1 million limit.
It was also confirmed that the government is in discussion with 38 local and mayoral combined authority areas in England including Tees Valley, South Yorkshire and West of England to set up Investment Zones in specific sites within their area.
Each Investment Zone will offer generous, targeted and time limited tax cuts for businesses and liberalised planning rules to release more land for housing and commercial development. These will be hubs for growth, encouraging investment in new shopping centres, restaurants, apartments and offices, and creating thriving new communities.
Revealing further tax reforms, Kwasi Kwarteng outlined sector specific support for pubs and hospitality, freezing alcohol duty for another year. Reforms to modernise alcohol duties will also be taken forward and the government will publish a consultation on these plans.
The new measures backing business come on top of the government’s Energy Bill Relief Scheme for businesses to cap costs per unit, which will protect them from soaring energy costs this winter by providing a discount on wholesale gas and electricity prices.
The Chancellor also reiterated the important principle of people keeping more of what they earn, incentivising work and enterprise. He announced a 1p cut to the basic rate of income tax one year earlier than planned.
From April 2023, the basic rate of income tax will be cut to 19% and will mean 31 million people will be better off by an average of £170 per year. Due to the combined impact of the reversal of the HSCL and the reduction of the Income Tax Basic Rate, someone working full time on the current National Living Wage will see a tax cut of over £100.
Alongside cutting the basic rate of income tax, the Chancellor also abolished the additional rate of tax, taking effect from April 2023. In its place will be a single higher rate of income tax of 40%. The policy removes the UK’s previous top rate tax, which was higher than countries like Norway, USA and Italy, and is designed to attract the best and the brightest to the UK workforce, helping businesses innovate and grow.
In a further move to grow the economy, the Chancellor announced plans to accelerate new roads, rail and energy infrastructure. In 2021 it took 65 per cent longer to get consent for major infrastructure projects than in 2012. New legislation will cut barriers and restrictions, making it quicker to plan and build new roads, speeding up the deployment of energy infrastructure like offshore wind farms and streamlining environmental assessments and regulations.
To further support businesses, the Chancellor announced new measures to unlock private investment. The Government will change regulations to increase investment by pension funds into UK assets, benefiting savers and boosting economic growth, and incentivising investment into Britain’s science and tech companies.
New measures were also announced to help people on low incomes secure more and better paid work. Universal Credit Claimants who earn less than the equivalent of 15 hours a week at National Living Wage will be required to meet regularly with their Work Coach and take active steps to increase their earnings or face having their benefits reduced.
This change is expected to bring an additional 120,000 people into the more intensive work search regime. Jobseekers over the age of 50 will also be given extra time with jobcentre work coaches, to help them return to the jobs market.
Rising economic inactivity in the over 50s is contributing to shortages in the jobs market, driving up inflation and limiting growth. Returning to pre-pandemic activity rates in the over 50s could boost the level of GDP by 0.5-1 percentage points.
The majority of announcements today are UK-wide, however the Scottish Government is expected to receive more than £600 million extra funding over the 2021 Spending Review period as a result of the changes to income tax and Stamp Duty Land Tax and the Welsh Government will receive around £70 million over the same period as a result of the change to Stamp Duty Land Tax.
The reversal of the Health and Social Care Levy will save 4.3 million people across Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland more than £230 on average next year.
In the coming weeks, the Government will set out further details of plans to speed up digital infrastructure, reform business regulation, increase housing supply, improve our immigration system, make childcare cheaper, improve farming productivity and back our financial services.
The business community has welcomed the Chancellor’s announcement.
Martin McTague, National Chair of the Federation of Small Businesses said:“The Truss Government is off to a flying start. The Chancellor has delivered pro-small business measures today and has rightly recognised that removing taxes on jobs, investment and entrepreneurs is essential for our economy.
“Ministers need to be relentless in removing barriers to small business success – especially with the current headwinds. The Government has today signalled its determination to back small firms and we look forward to working with Ministers and departments to put in place measures to help small businesses grow and succeed.”
Amanda Tickel, Head of Tax and Trade Policy, Deloitte said:“This Budget will undoubtedly attract international attention.
“With the UK now retaining the lowest corporate profits tax rate in the G20, a maximum income tax rate of 40%, and extra incentives available in investment zones, the UK is on a stronger footing to compete for international investment.
Emma Jones CBE, Founder, Enterprise Nation said:“It’s bold, it’s agile and it’s speedy. Economists will be arguing for months to come, but small businesses will be waiting for the impact of this budget trickling down into their sales tonight.
“The new administration clearly set out its stall today and that it is firmly on the side of entrepreneurs and wealth creators. The tax cuts, both business and personal, will deliver confidence and unleash the entrepreneurial spirit that we know exists across the UK and to which the Chancellor referred so often.
“The UK’s small businesses have wanted growth acceleration but have had to be content with stagnation because of barriers to growth such as access to finance, business rates and employment complexity.
“The extension of EIS and SEIS and the pension charge cap reforms will be welcomed with open arms by the small business community, and we expect more start-ups to follow with an emphasis on supporting those who are 50+ to move from unemployment into self-employment. Thanks to the removal of IR35, many experienced individuals that left the employment market will now return.
“Our view for more than a decade has been that one of the most important things a government can do is to champion entrepreneurs and this morning’s statement and announcements most seriously deliver on that.”
Kate Nicholls, CEO of UKHospitality said: “The stated objectives of boosting growth and tackling inflation are a positive statement of intent to rightly put business at the heart of the Government’s agenda.
“We support the ambition for a globally competitive tax regime, to unleash entrepreneurship, growth and investment, and we look forward to working with the Chancellor to deliver that.
“Energy support and NIC measures will allow our businesses to better plan for a tough winter ahead. Today’s announcement included many positive measures that will bear fruit in due course, and we look forward to continuing to work closely with the Government on our immediate challenges.”
Tony Danker, CBI Director-General, said:“This is a turning point for our economy. Like Covid, the energy crisis has meant Government has had to spend massively to protect people and businesses. That means we have no choice but to go for growth to afford it.
“Today is day one of a new UK growth approach. We must now use this opportunity to make it count and bring growth to every corner of the UK. Fifteen years of anaemic growth cannot be repeated.
“Taking action to get Britain’s economy moving again by beginning construction on transport and green infrastructure projects shows immediate delivery. Planning reform is long overdue.
“A simpler, smarter approach to tax can pay dividends, and firms will be keen to make the most of the investment incentives on offer.
“It’s not perfect – it’s just the beginning – but there’s plenty business can work with. The Chancellor signalled more proposals to come this Autumn and these will be vital to sustain momentum on growth.”
Michelle Ovens CBE, Founder, Small Business Britain said:“The focus on entrepreneurship in today’s Growth Plan statement is good news for small businesses, and a hugely encouraging step towards supporting this key part of the economy in a tough financial climate.
“The energy plan already announced, cutting prices for small businesses and addressing some of the astronomical rises we have seen this summer, will give businesses some reassurance over the winter months, even if there are still questions over the long term plans.
“There is no doubt that rolling back national insurance rises, IR35 regulations and the planned corporation tax rise next year will be welcomed by small businesses and the business community more widely. In the medium to long term, this will support and encourage entrepreneurial growth, which is very welcome.
“However there remain serious challenges in the short term as entrepreneurs battle with rising costs across all areas of the business, not just in energy and tax. Finance, input prices, export and staffing all remain challenging and we continue to see businesses failing at a high rate with little to fall back on after a very difficult few years.
“More will need to be done at all levels of society and government to ensure the 5.6 million small businesses in the UK can weather this winter and make the most of the supportive policies announced today.
“The direction of travel is absolutely right for small businesses. This now needs to be delivered by us all.”
Nicolas Burquier, Managing Director of Pizza Hut Europe said:“It’s great to see Government has acknowledged and is acting on the significant pressures facing the UK hospitality sector as a result of the rise in global inflation.
“Combined with the recently announced support on energy bills, the tax changes and Investment Zones unveiled today, all will offer some respite for many hard-pressed restaurants and takeaway owners like our franchisees.
“We look forward to continuing to work with the Government to ensure that hospitality receives the sustained support it requires as the sector looks to recover from current setbacks.”
Dr Liz Cameron CBE, Director & Chief Executive, Scottish Chambers of Commerce said:“The Chancellor’s commitment to pro-growth and pro-enterprise policies will be eagerly welcomed by businesses. The specifics on reducing business costs, cutting red tape and boosting infrastructure development are exactly the levers the UK Government should be pulling to support economic growth.
“The plans for Investment Zones strike an ambitious tone but these plans must provide equitable benefits to the UK nations ensuring new economic activity is generated, not simply displaced from one location to another. Similarly, fixing the complex and burdensome planning system must be a joint priority for both the Scottish and UK Government if we are to attract investors.
“As we look ahead to the Scottish Government’s emergency budget, businesses and households now play the waiting game to see if the Scottish Government opts to take similar moves. With control of powers such as income tax and land & buildings transaction tax devolved to Scotland, the expectation will be for Scottish Government to deliver parity with the rest of the UK. Divergence between the nations risks dampening business and investor confidence.
“The string of policy announcements from the Chancellor signal a bold start. As firms continue to navigate unprecedented challenges in the economy, consistent collaboration and partnership will be essential between both governments and the business community if we are to move from survival to growth.”
Stephen Phipson, Chief Executive, Make UK said:“The Chancellor has clearly recognised that we are heading for very stormy waters in the face of eyewatering increases in energy and other costs, together with a difficult international environment.
“Industry will welcome today’s statement which, coming on the back of the support for energy, contains a number of positive measures to help shield viable companies from the worst impact of escalating costs and help protect jobs. The focus on prioritising growth with plans to speed up planning reforms, boost infrastructure and investment is especially welcome.
“However, this is the sixth growth plan in little over a decade which has seen ever increasing political uncertainty. This has resulted in zero certainty for business, the most important thing it needs. Government must try and reverse this process by working with industry to develop a long-term economic strategy together with a National Manufacturing Plan.
“At its heart must be a properly designed tax system and a certainty of policy that aims to transform the low level of business investment, develops the workforce of the future and equips people with the digital skills they will need in the new industries and technologies which are rapidly emerging.
“Given the tools and, the right economic environment, industry can help itself and, at the same time, help the Government meet its growth target. Now is the time to end to put in place the right building blocks for the long-term.”
Emma McClarkin, Chief Executive of the British Beer and Pub Association, said:“We welcome the steps taken by the Government in the Chancellor’s fiscal statement. The measures announced today will mean a boost of £500m for our sector, enabling growth following successive crises and allowing us to thrive in the future.
“Coupled with this week’s intervention on energy bills, these commitments will make a significant difference to our pubs and brewers at an acutely difficult time.
“The Chancellor’s plans show that the Government recognises how extreme the cost of doing business has become and the enormous investment our sector makes, not only in the economy, but to the social fabric of communities across the breadth of the UK and why it must be protected. We look forward to the continued reduction of taxation on the sector at the next Budget – the need for a reduced VAT rate for hospitality and business rates reliefs remain as strong as ever.
“We will continue to work with the Government to ensure that reforms to the draft beer duty rates are brought forward as soon as possible, meaning that our pubs and brewers can contribute to, and be at the heart of villages, towns and cities for many years to come.”
Shevaun Havilland, Director General of the British Chambers of Commerce said:“Businesses will welcome many of the measures announced today that should boost economic growth, relieve cost pressures and encourage investment.
“The announcement to reverse the increase to National Insurance Contributions (NIC) is a big win for the British Chambers of Commerce and the business community. This is much needed support for companies during these difficult times.
“Firms will also be glad to see the Annual Investment Allowance made permanent. It is a crucial tool which gives them the confidence to push ahead with investment, and will add greater certainty to their plans, now we know it is guaranteed to remain.
“Business wants to create the wealth that funds Government spending, and plans for Investment Zones, and steps to encourage new funding in our growth industries have the potential to do just that.
“Investment Zones could also finally deliver on the Government’s long-standing promise to level up, if the scheme is truly UK-wide. But lessons must be learned from the past, otherwise they can simply displace growth and investment from one area to another without creating new economic activity.
“This is a bold start, and we now await further detail on the further reforms the Treasury announced, to see if this will develop into a comprehensive long-term economic strategy.
“All eyes will also now turn to the forecasts by the Office of Budget Responsibility in the autumn for reassurance on public finances.”
TUC: ‘ROBIN HOOD IN REVERSE’
Union body attacks Liz Truss for holding down wages while lining bankers’ pockets – “The party of pay cuts strikes again.”
Fresh attack on right to strike is “designed to hold down pay”
Responding to today’s ‘mini budget’, which announced tax cuts for corporations and the wealthy, but no help to get wages rising in the current cost of living crisis, TUC General Secretary Frances O’Grady said: “This budget is Robin Hood in reverse.
“We should be rewarding work, not wealth. But at the first opportunity, Liz Truss is holding down wages and lining the pockets of big corporations and City bankers. The party of pay cuts strikes again.
“We need a very different plan in the full autumn budget to do right by workers. The Chancellor should boost the minimum wage, universal credit and pensions before winter sets in.
“He should fund pay rises in the public sector that keep up with prices. And ministers should extend collective pay bargaining rights across the economy so that whatever your job, you can negotiate a fair pay rise.”
On restrictions on the right to strike, she added:“Nobody takes the decision to strike lightly. But the right to strike to defend pay and conditions is a fundamental British freedom.
“And it’s the last line of defence against employers who refuse to negotiate fair pay. These new restrictions are unworkable, very likely illegal and designed to hold down pay across the economy.”
On support with energy costs and the government’s rejection of calls for a higher windfall tax, she added:“Ministers are letting oil and gas giants use Britain like a cash machine with no withdrawal limit.
“We need a much higher windfall tax on greedy energy companies to protect families from profiteering. That could fund free home improvements so that families don’t lose money by leaking heat from their homes.”
The TUC’s submission to the Treasury in advance of today’s mini budget called for the following actions:
Bring forward inflation proof increases in the minimum wage, universal credit and pensions to October to help families through the cost-of-living emergency.
Get the minimum wage on a path to £15 an hour as soon as possible.
Give public service staff a real-terms pay rise that at least matches the rising cost of living and begins to restore earnings lost over the last decade.
Strengthen and extend collective bargaining across the economy, including introducing fair pay agreements to set minimum pay across whole sectors.
Impose a larger windfall tax on oil and gas companies that that are profiteering from UK families.
Make sure everyone pays their fair share of taxes by going ahead with increases in corporate tax, and equalising capital gains tax rates with income tax as a first step to fair taxes on wealth.
Chancellor’s measures fail to target support
Deputy First Minister says statement is ‘cold comfort for many’
The Chancellor’s fiscal statement and package of announcements targets the most wealthy, shifting further pressure onto the shoulders of those on the lowest incomes, Deputy First Minister John Swinney has said.
Reacting to the statement, Mr Swinney expressed his disappointment that while many households across Scotland are already struggling to pay their bills and heat their homes, the measures offer tax cuts for corporations and bankers.
The Deputy First Minister said: “The Chancellor’s statement today will provide cold comfort to the millions of people across Scotland who have been looking for the UK Government to use its reserved powers to provide support for those that need it most. Instead we get tax cuts for the rich and little for those who need it most.
“We estimate that the increase in the price cap to £2,500 will force an estimated 150,000 more Scottish households into extreme fuel poverty. Instead of offering these people support, the Chancellor is threatening to cut their family budgets further, with a new regime of benefit sanctions.
“On Land and Buildings Transaction Tax and on Scottish income tax, the Scottish Government will set out its plans as part of the normal budget process. We will discuss the proposed investment zones with the UK Government but we are clear they have to be the right fit for Scotland.
“Because of inflation, the Scottish Government’s budget is worth £1.7 billion less than it was when we set it in December, yet the Chancellor has refused to provide a single additional penny for public services or increase public sector pay.
“We are doing everything within our power to support people, public services and the economy, but these efforts are under threat by a reckless UK Government beginning a new, and dangerous race to the bottom. With a fixed Budget and no scope to borrow for short term challenges, Scotland is at the mercy of UK decisions. This reinforces the urgent need for independence.”
Factsheets on each of the major measures can be found here:
The Growth Plan speech delivered by Chancellor Kwasi Kwarteng:
Mr Speaker,
Let me start directly with the issue most worrying the British people – the cost of energy.
People will have seen the horrors of Putin’s illegal invasion of Ukraine.
They will have heard reports that their already-expensive energy bills could reach as high as £6,500 next year.
Mr Speaker, we were never going to let this happen.
The Prime Minister has acted with great speed to announce one of the most significant interventions the British state has ever made.
People need to know that help is coming.
And help is indeed coming.
We are taking three steps to support families and businesses with the cost of energy.
Firstly, to help households, the Energy Price Guarantee will limit the unit price that consumers pay for electricity and gas.
This means that for the next two years, the typical annual household bill will be £2,500.
For a typical household, that is a saving of at least £1,000 a year, based on current prices.
We are continuing our existing plans to give all households £400 off bills this winter.
So taken together, Mr Speaker, we are cutting everyone’s energy bills by an expected £1,400 this year.
And millions of the most vulnerable households will receive additional payments, taking their total savings this year to £2,200.
Secondly, as well as helping people, we need to support the businesses who employ them.
The Energy Bill Relief Scheme will reduce wholesale gas and electricity prices for all UK businesses, charities, and the public sector like schools and hospitals.
This will provide a price guarantee equivalent to the one provided for households, for all businesses across the country.
Thirdly, energy prices are extremely volatile, erratically rising and falling every hour.
This creates real risks to energy firms who are otherwise viable businesses.
Those firms help supply the essential energy needed by households and businesses.
So to support the market, we are announcing the Energy Markets Financing Scheme.
Delivered with the Bank of England, this scheme will provide a 100% guarantee for commercial banks to offer emergency liquidity to energy traders.
Mr Speaker,
The consensus amongst independent forecasters is that the Government’s energy plan will reduce peak inflation by around 5 percentage points.
It will reduce the cost of servicing index-linked government debt and lower wider cost of living pressures.
And it will help millions of people and businesses right across the country with the cost of energy.
Let no one doubt: during the worst energy crisis in generations, this Government is on the side of the British people.
The Bank of England are taking further steps to control inflation, acting again only yesterday.
I can assure the House, this Government considers the Bank of England’s independence to be sacrosanct.
And we remain closely coordinated, with the Governor and myself speaking twice a week.
But Mr Speaker,
High energy costs are not the only challenge confronting this country.
Growth is not as high as it should be.
This has made it harder to pay for public services, requiring taxes to rise.
In turn, higher taxes on capital and labour have lowered returns on investment and work, reducing economic incentives and hampering growth still further.
This cycle has led to the tax burden being forecast to reach the highest levels since the late 1940s – before even Her Late Majesty acceded to the throne.
We are determined to break that cycle.
We need a new approach for a new era, focused on growth.
Our aim, over the medium term, is to reach a trend rate of growth of 2.5%.
And our plan is to expand the supply side of the economy through tax incentives and reform.
That is how we will deliver higher wages, greater opportunities, and crucially, fund public services, now and into the future.
That is how we will compete successfully with dynamic economies around the world.
That is how we will turn the vicious cycle of stagnation into a virtuous cycle of growth.
So as a Government, we will focus on growth – even where that means taking difficult decisions.
None of this is going to happen overnight. But today we are publishing our Growth Plan that sets out a new approach for this new era, built around three central priorities:
Reforming the supply-side of the economy.
Maintaining responsible approach to public finances
And cutting taxes to boost growth.
Mr Speaker,
The UK has the second-lowest debt to GDP ratio of any G7 country.
In due course, we will publish a Medium-Term Fiscal Plan, setting out our responsible fiscal approach more fully.
Including how we plan to reduce debt as a percentage of GDP over the medium term.
And the OBR will publish a full economic and fiscal forecast before the end of the year, with a second to follow in the new year.
Fiscal responsibility remains essential for economic confidence, and it is a path we remain committed to.
Today we are publishing costings of all the measures the Government has taken.
And those costings will be incorporated into the OBR’s forecast in the usual way.
The House should note that the estimated costs of our energy plans are particularly uncertain, given volatile energy prices.
But based on recent prices, the total cost of the energy package, for the six months from October, is expected to be around £60bn.
We expect the cost to come down as we negotiate new, long term energy contracts with suppliers.
And, in the context of a global energy crisis, it is entirely appropriate for the government to use our borrowing powers to fund temporary measures in order to support families and businesses.
That’s what we did during the Covid-19 pandemic.
A sizeable intervention was right then…and it is right now.
The heavy price of inaction would have been far greater than the cost of these schemes.
Mr Speaker,
We are at the beginning of a new era.
As we contemplate this new era, we recognise that there is huge potential in our country.
We have unbounded entrepreneurial drive.
We have highly skilled people.
We have immense global presence in sectors like finance, life sciences, technology, and clean energy.
But Mr Speaker, there are too many barriers for enterprise. We need a new approach to break them down. That means reforming the supply side of our economy.
Over the coming weeks, my Cabinet colleagues will update the House on every aspect of our ambitious agenda.
Those updates will cover: the planning system, business regulations, childcare, immigration, agricultural productivity, and digital infrastructure.
And Mr Speaker, we start this work today.
An essential foundation of growth is infrastructure.
The roads, railways, and networks that carry people, goods, and information all over our country.
Today, our planning system for major infrastructure is too slow and fragmented.
The time it takes to get consent for nationally significant projects is getting slower, not quicker, while our international competitors forge ahead.
We have to end this.
We can announce that in the coming months, we will bring forward a new Bill to unpick the complex patchwork of planning restrictions and EU-derived laws that constrain our growth.
We will streamline a whole host of assessments, appraisals, consultations, endless duplications, and regulations.
We will also review the government’s business case process to speed up decision making.
And today, we are publishing a list of infrastructure projects that will be prioritised for acceleration, in sectors like transport, energy, and telecoms.
And, to increase housing supply and enable forthcoming planning reforms, we will also increase the disposal of surplus government land to build new homes.
Mr Speaker, we are getting out of the way to get Britain building.
Mr Speaker,
One of the proudest achievements of our government is that unemployment is at the lowest level for nearly fifty years.
But with more vacancies than unemployed people to fill them, we need to encourage people to join the labour market.
We will make work pay by reducing people’s benefits if they don’t fulfil their job search commitments.
We’ll provide extra support for unemployed over-50s.
And we’ll ask around 120,000 more people on Universal Credit to take active steps to seek more and better paid work, or face having their benefits reduced.
And, Mr Speaker,
At such a critical time for our economy, it is simply unacceptable that strike action is disrupting so many lives.
Other European countries have Minimum Service Levels to stop militant trade unions closing down transport networks during strikes.
So we will do the same.
And we will go further.
We will legislate to require unions to put pay offers to a member vote, to ensure strikes can only be called once negotiations have genuinely broken down.
Of course, Mr Speaker, to drive growth, we need new sources of capital investment.
To this end, I can announce that we will accelerate reforms to the pension charge cap so that it will no longer apply to well-designed performance fees.
This will unlock pension fund investment into UK assets and innovative, high growth businesses.
It will benefit savers and increase growth.
And, we will provide up to £500 million to support new innovative funds and attract billions of additional pounds into UK science and technology scale-ups.
And Mr Speaker, this brings me to the cap on bankers’ bonuses.
A strong UK economy has always depended on a strong financial services sector.
We need global banks to create jobs here, invest here, and pay taxes here in London, not Paris, not Frankfurt, not New York.
All the bonus cap did was to push up the basic salaries of bankers, or drive activity outside Europe.
It never capped total remuneration, so let’s not sit here and pretend otherwise.
So we’re going to get rid of it.
And to reaffirm the UK’s status as the world’s financial services centre, I will set out an ambitious package of regulatory reforms later in the Autumn.
But Mr Speaker,
To support growth right across the country, we need to go further, with targeted action in local areas.
So today, I can announce the creation of new investment zones.
We will liberalise planning rules in specified agreed sites, releasing land and accelerating development.
And we will cut taxes.
For businesses in designated tax sites, for ten years, there will be:
Accelerated tax reliefs for structures and buildings.
And 100% tax relief on qualifying investments in plant and machinery.
On purchases of land and buildings for commercial or new residential development, there will be no stamp duty to pay whatsoever.
On newly occupied business premises, there will be no business rates to pay whatsoever.
And if a business hires a new employee in the tax site, then on the first £50,000 they earn…
…the employer will pay no National Insurance whatsoever.
That is an unprecedented set of tax incentives for business to invest, to build, and to create jobs right across the country.
I can confirm for the House that we’re in early discussions with nearly 40 places like Tees Valley, the West Midlands, Norfolk and the West of England to establish Investment Zones.
And we’ll work with the devolved administrations and local partners to make sure Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland will also benefit, if they are willing to do so.
If we really want to level up, Mr Speaker – we have to unleash the power of the private sector.
And now, Mr Speaker, we come to tax – central to solving the riddle of growth.
The tax system is not simply about raising revenue for public services, vitally important though that is. Tax determines the incentives across our whole economy.
And we believe that high taxes reduce incentives to work, they deter investment and they hinder enterprise.
As the Prime Minister has said, we will review the tax system to make it simpler, more dynamic, and fairer for families.
And we are taking that first step today.
Mr Speaker,
The interests of businesses are not separate from the interest of individuals and families.
In fact, it is businesses that employ most people in this country.
It is businesses that invest in the products and services we rely on.
Every additional tax on business is ultimately passed through to families through higher prices, lower pay, or lower returns on savings.
So I can therefore confirm that next year’s planned increase in Corporation Tax will be cancelled.
The UK’s corporate tax rate will not rise to 25% – it will remain at 19%.
We will have the lowest rate of Corporation Tax in the G20.
This will plough almost £19bn a year back into the economy.
That’s £19bn for businesses to reinvest, create jobs, raise wages, or pay the dividends that support our pensions.
I’ve already taken steps elsewhere in this statement to support financial services, so the Bank Surcharge will remain at 8%.
But, Mr Speaker, we will do more to encourage private investment.
The Annual Investment Allowance, which gives 100% tax relief on investments in plant and machinery, will not fall to £200,000 as planned…
It will remain at £1m.
And it will do so permanently.
Our duty is to make the UK one of the most competitive economies in the world – and we are delivering.
And Mr Speaker,
We want this country to be an entrepreneurial, share-owning democracy.
The Enterprise Investment Scheme. The Venture Capital Trusts. We will extend them beyond 2025.
The Seed Enterprise Investment Scheme. Company Share Option Plans. We will increase the limits to make them more generous.
Crucial steps on the road to making this a nation of entrepreneurs.
Mr Speaker,
For the tax system to favour growth, it needs to be much simpler.
I’m hugely grateful to the Office of Tax Simplification for everything they have achieved since 2010.
But instead of a single arms-length body which is separate from the Treasury and HMRC, we need to embed tax simplification into the heart of Government.
That is why I have decided to wind down the Office of Tax Simplification, and mandated every one of my tax officials to focus on simplifying our tax code.
To achieve a simpler system, I will start by removing unnecessary costs for business.
Firstly, we will automatically sunset EU regulations by December 2023, requiring departments to review, replace or repeal retained EU law.
This will reduce burdens on business, improve growth, and restore the primacy of UK legislation.
Mr Speaker, we can also simplify the IR35 rules – and we will.
In practice, reforms to off-payroll working have added unnecessary complexity and cost for many businesses.
So, as promised by My RHF the Prime Minister, we will repeal the 2017 and 2021 reforms.
Of course, we will continue to keep compliance closely under review.
Mr Speaker,
Britain welcomes millions of tourists every year, and I want our high streets and airports, our ports and our shopping centres, to feel the economic benefit.
So we have decided to introduce VAT-free shopping for overseas visitors.
We will replace the old paper-based system with a modern, digital one.
And this will be in place as soon as possible.
This is a priority for our great British retailers – so it is our priority, too.
Our drive to modernise also extends to alcohol duties.
I have listened to industry concerns about the ongoing reforms.
I will therefore introduce an 18-month transitional measure for wine duty.
I will also extend draught relief to cover smaller kegs of 20 litres and above, to help smaller breweries.
And, at this difficult time, we are not going to let alcohol duty rates rise in line with RPI.
So I can announce that the planned increases in the duty rates for beer, for cider, for wine, and for spirits will all be cancelled.
Now, Mr Speaker, we come to the question of personal taxation.
It is an important principle that people should keep more of the money they earn. And it is good policy to boost the incentives for work and enterprise.
Yesterday, we introduced a Bill that means the Health and Social Care Levy will not begin next year… it will be cancelled.
The increase in Employer National Insurance Contributions and dividends tax… will be cancelled.
And the interim increase in the National Insurance rate, brought in for this tax year…will be cancelled.
And this cut will take effect from the earliest possible moment, November 6th.
Reversing the Levy delivers a tax cut for 28 million people, worth, on average, £330 every year;
A tax cut for nearly a million businesses;
And I can confirm: the additional funding for the NHS and social care services will be maintained at the same level.
Mr Speaker,
I have another measure.
Today’s statement is about growth.
Home ownership is the most common route for people to own an asset, giving them a stake in the success of our economy and society.
So to support growth, increase confidence, and help families aspiring to own their own home, I can announce that we are cutting stamp duty.
In the current system, there is no stamp duty to pay on the first £125,000 of a property’s value.
We are doubling that – to £250,000.
First time buyers currently pay no stamp duty on the first £300,000.
We’re increasing that threshold as well, to £425,000.
And we’re going to increase the value of the property on which first time buyers can claim relief, from £500,000 to £625,000.
The steps we’ve taken today mean 200,000 more people will be taken out of paying stamp duty altogether.
This is a permanent cut to stamp duty, effective from today.
And Mr Speaker,
I have another measure.
High tax rates damage Britain’s competitiveness.
They reduce the incentive to work, invest, and start a business.
And the higher the tax, the more ways people seek to avoid them, or work elsewhere or simply work less…
…rather than putting their time and effort to more creative and productive ends.
Take the additional rate of income tax.
At 45%, it is currently higher than the headline top rate in G7 countries like the US and Italy.
And it is higher even than social democracies like Norway.
But I’m not going to cut the additional rate of tax today, Mr Speaker.
I’m going to abolish it altogether.
From April 2023, we will have a single higher rate of income tax of 40 per cent.
This will simplify the tax system and make Britain more competitive.
It will reward enterprise and work.
It will incentivise growth.
It will benefit the whole economy and whole country.
And, Mr Speaker, after all, this only returns us to the same top rate we had for 20 years.
And that’s not all.
I can announce today that we will cut the basic rate of income tax to 19p in April 2023 – one year early.
That means a tax cut for over 31 million people in just a few months’ time.
This means we will have one of the most competitive and pro-growth income tax systems in the world.
Mr Speaker,
For too long in this country, we have indulged in a fight over redistribution.
Now, we need to focus on growth, not just how we tax and spend.
We won’t apologise for managing the economy in a way that increases prosperity and living standards.
Our entire focus is on making Britain more globally competitive – not losing out to our competitors abroad.
The Prime Minister promised that this would be a tax-cutting government.
Today, we have cut stamp duty.
We have allowed businesses to keep more of their own money to invest, to innovate, and to grow.
We have cut income tax and national insurance for millions of workers.
And we are securing our place in a fiercely competitive global economy…
…with lower rates of corporation tax…
…and lower rates of personal tax.
We promised to prioritise growth.
We promised a new approach for a new era.
We promised, Mr Speaker, to release the enormous potential of this country.
Our Growth Plan has delivered all those promises and more.
30 million people across the UK will benefit from the biggest personal tax cut in a decade from today
‘Hard working Brits’ will save up to £330 per year – 2.2 million lifted out of personal tax altogether
70% of UK workers now paying less National Insurance, even after accounting for the Health and Social Care Levy
30 million people across the UK will benefit from the biggest personal tax in a decade from today – with hard working Brits saving up to £330 per year.
The £6 billion tax cut will see the level at which people start paying National Insurance rise to £12,570 – lifting 2.2 million people out of paying any personal tax and ensuring people get to keep more of the money they earn.
The threshold change means that 70% of UK workers will pay less National Insurance, even after accounting for the Health and Social Care Levy that is funding the biggest catch up programme in NHS history and putting an end to spiralling social care costs.
Speaking before his resignation last night, formerChancellor of the Exchequer Rishi Sunak said: “I know rising prices are putting pressure on hard-working families across the UK – which is why we’ve stepped in to help to ease the burden with a £37 billion package of support this year, including at least £1,200 going directly to the 8 million most vulnerable families.
“Today marks the next stage in that package, with the biggest personal tax cut in over a decade coming in to help millions of workers across the UK keep up to £330 more each year.”
The Prime Minister (at time of writing, anyway – Ed.) said: “We know it’s tough for many families across the UK, but we want you to know that this government is on your side.
“Today’s tax cut means around 70 per cent of British workers will pay less National Insurance – even after accounting for the Health and Social Care Levy that is funding the biggest catch up programme in NHS history and putting an end spiralling social care costs.
“So whether you are a receptionist, work in hospitality or are a delivery driver, this tax cut is likely to make you and your family better off.”
From today the level at which people start paying National Insurance has risen from £9,880 to £12,570.
This change means that millions of people working across hundreds of different industries across the UK will now be better off.
This includes bricklayers who’ll save £218, care workers who’ll save £324, hairdressers who will get a £118 benefit and nursery assistants who’ll get a £343 yearly boost.
Workers can check their salary in the government’s online tool to estimate the amount they could save between July 2022 to July 2023.
The last major personal tax cut of today’s magnitude was nearly ten years ago, when the income tax personal allowance increased by £1,100 in 2013. Today’s threshold change is more than double that, as working people are now able to hold on to an extra £2,690 free from tax.
Today’s change to National Insurance thresholds comes as part of the Chancellor’s wider vision for a lower tax economy. At the Spring Statement Mr Sunak announced a 1p income tax cut in 2024 – which will be the first cut to the basic rate in 16 years and will save the average taxpayer a further £175 a year.
The Chancellor also committed to cutting and reforming business taxes later this year in the autumn, to help spur business growth and productivity. The government is currently working with industry on how best to do that.
The increase to the National Insurance thresholds will leave around 76% of National Insurance payers in the North East better, 75% in the North West and Merseyside, and 62% in London.
Today’s landmark personal tax cut also comes as the government launched new Help for Households campaign designed to raise awareness and signpost people to the £37 billion in support on offer and targeted at those most in need.
The support provides millions of the most vulnerable households at least £1,200 of support in total this year to help with the cost of living, with all domestic electricity customers receiving at least £400 to help with their bills.
It also includes a 5p fuel duty cut – the biggest cut ever to fuel duty rates, a rise in the national living wage to give full time workers an extra £1,000 and a cut to the Universal Credit taper rate to provide over 1 million families an extra £1,000.
The NICs threshold change takes effect following the government making tough but responsible decisions to manage the public finances responsibly and choosing not to saddle future generations with almost £400 billion of debt used to protect jobs and the economy during the pandemic – worth around £5,500 for every person in the UK.
The government had planned for this good news story to be the big news event of today, but those plans were scuppered by the resignation of two senior cabinet ministers last night. As former Prime Minister Harold MacMillan once ruefully observed: “Events, dear boy. Events” …
