Butterflies in Scotland fail to shine despite hottest UK summer on record

Butterfly Conservation’s Big Butterfly Count reveals worrying results of decades of decline

The results of Butterfly Conservation’s Big Butterfly Count are in, and while the numbers are a vast improvement on 2024’s record lows, the charity has warned that urgent measures are still needed to reverse long-term decline.

The sunniest spring and hottest summer ever recorded in the UK provided good weather conditions for butterflies after 2024’s record-breaking lows. However, the results from the Big Butterfly Count show that it was definitely not a bumper summer for our beleaguered butterflies.

Between July 18 and August 10, over 125,000 citizen scientists got involved in Butterfly Conservation’s Big Butterfly Count – more than ever before – and recorded 1.7 million butterflies and moths, with the top five species being Large White, Small White, Gatekeeper, Red Admiral and Meadow Brown.

On average, participants recorded 10.3 butterflies during each 15-minute count. While a marked improvement on last summer’s record low of just 7, it is only broadly average by modern standards, and has done little to reverse longer-term declines.

In Scotland, 6,286 people joined the count compared to 3,587 last year, and counted 71,988 butterflies and moths in the three-week period. On average the number of butterflies recorded per count was 9. The most-seen species in Scotland were the Small White (17,140), Large White (14,065), Red Admiral (11,459), Peacock (10,337) and Green-veined White (5,032).

Butterflies need two things to thrive: good weather and a healthy environment.

Dr Richard Fox, Head of Science at Butterfly Conservation, said: “We may feel like we’ve seen lots of butterflies this summer, but that’s only because last year was so awful.

 “Last summer’s results were the lowest we’ve seen and a stark warning that many of our common butterfly species are facing significant pressure from challenges linked to habitat loss, climate change and pesticide use.

“Whilst we’ve seen noticeably more butterflies during 2025’s Big Butterfly Count, the figures suggest it’s actually been a pretty average year for them by modern standards.

The 15-year Big Butterfly Count trends show that more than twice as many widespread species have declined significantly than have increased. And, while most species had a better than average summer, one-third of species fared poorly even in the generally beneficial weather.

“There remains a need for us to take urgent action to support our butterfly populations, including by improving the environment in which they live, restoring habitats and reducing pesticide use. Until we do these things we are unlikely to see a great recovery in butterfly numbers, regardless of how much the sun shines.”

Winners and losers

Some species did show marked increases this summer. The Large White and Small White both recorded their best ever Big Butterfly Count result.

Meanwhile the Small Tortoiseshell, which had its worst Big Butterfly Count result on record in 2024, showed some improvement but still recorded a below average year and has declined by 60% since 2011.

The Jersey Tiger moth had a record year. The species was recorded more widely and in higher numbers than ever before.

By contrast, Holly Blue had its second worst Big Butterfly Count result on record, Common Blue had its third worst and Meadow Brown had its fourth worst Count result.

What can be done to help

Butterflies are key indicators of the UK’s biodiversity and environmental health. Tracking their numbers helps Butterfly Conservation understand the impacts of climate change, habitat loss, and conservation action.

This year’s results are a reminder of how much we still need to do if we want to restore butterfly numbers in the UK.

Dr Richard Fox added: “We’ve reached a critical moment. The time to take action for UK butterflies is now. We know the weather impacts their numbers and with the summer we’ve just had we should be seeing them in far greater numbers. Even when the weather is good, the environment is only able to support far fewer butterflies than it used to.

“We must now do more to improve the habitat that our butterflies live in. This is why Butterfly Conservation is calling for an end to the unlicensed use of butterfly-killing synthetic pesticides, and asking retailers to take them off the shelves.

“We are in a nature crisis. We should be providing people with the tools to help and not the means of destruction.”

A rescue mission

Butterfly Conservation has launched a rescue mission for the UK’s butterflies and is asking people to sign its open letter to retailers calling for the removal of toxic synthetic pesticides from sale for domestic use. You can add your name by visiting www.butterfly-conservation.org

Big Butterfly Count will return in 2026. Next year’s event will take place between July 17 and August 9 so be sure to make a note in your diary – let the countdown begin!

The Big Butterfly Count UK numbers:

SpeciesAbundanceAverage Per Count (APC)% change from 2024 (APC)15 year trend %
Large White3965102.449131.4246.74
Small White3187621.969128.277.49
Gatekeeper2364251.460.31-21.87
Red Admiral1662891.027185.1751.54
Meadow Brown1330250.822-39.57-18.02
Peacock961550.59452.7812.24
Speckled Wood534230.3343.33-35.14
Comma430620.26642.01-1.13
Common Blue396020.245227.97-57.4
Green-veined White392720.24367.42-54.3
Small Tortoiseshell371860.23141.65-59.68
Small Copper209250.12921.0893.89
Holly Blue206850.128135.710.19
Ringlet183860.114-66.45-42.51
Painted Lady158560.098207.1914.24
Jersey Tiger118760.073174.44_
Brimstone91490.057-14.27-6.6
Six spot Burnet59430.037-73.48_
Marbled White21250.013-90.42-17.49
Silver Y19400.012-61.78_
Scotch Argus13760.008122.78_
TOTAL1667972   
YearAverage per count
201612.2
201710.9
201811.2
201916.2
202010.7
20219.2
20229.0
202312.0
20247.2
202510.3

Recognising unpaid carers

New payment for people caring for more than one person

Proposals to further expand and improve the benefits available to unpaid carers in Scotland have been laid before the Scottish Parliament. 

Among the changes are plans to introduce a new payment worth up to £520 annually for people who care for more than one person – benefiting an estimated 18,000 carers – and to extend eligibility for the Young Carer Grant to 19-year-olds.

This builds on previous changes following the transfer of responsibility for carer benefits from the UK Government to the Scottish Government, including the introduction of new benefits such as Carer’s Allowance Supplement.

Around 130,000 people are entitled to Scottish Government carer benefits in Scotland. 

Cabinet Secretary for Social Justice Shirley-Anne Somerville said: “The Scottish Government recognises the immense contribution carers make to our society through caring for family, friends and neighbours.

“That is why we have made it a priority to deliver a series of improvements to better support them following the transfer of carer benefit awards from the Department for Work and Pensions to Social Security Scotland.  

“We have a very different approach to social security in Scotland, with dignity, fairness and respect at its heart, and these changes build on previous work to help improve the lives of carers. We have already introduced Carer’s Allowance Supplement and the Young Carer Grant – which are only available in Scotland – and widened eligibility for Carer Support Payment to enable more carers in education to access it.  

“This is another major milestone in the process of delivering devolved social security and in building a system that better meets the needs of carers and disabled people in Scotland.” 

Support for 880,000 pensioners in Scotland this winter

Pension Age Winter Heating Payments to begin in November

This winter at least 880,000 pensioners across Scotland are set to receive Pension Age Winter Heating Payment to help with heating their home.  

From November, eligible people of State Pension age will get a payment between £101.70 and £305.10 depending on their circumstances.  Most people will receive their payment automatically – no action is needed. 

For pensioners with a taxable income of over £35,000, the payment will be taken back through the tax system during 2026/27. 

People can choose to opt out of receiving the payment by completing the online form on the MyGov website by 10 October 2025. 

An eligibility checker has also been created to help people find out how much they are likely to receive. 

Social Justice Secretary, Shirley-Anne Somerville said: “At least 880,000 pensioners in Scotland are estimated to benefit from the payment. And with the recent announcement on increasing energy costs, this could be a valuable lifeline for older people in Scotland. 

“We are committed to treating people with the dignity, fairness and respect they deserve. Our approach supports those most in need. The Scottish Government will continue to ensure older people get the financial help they need, this winter or any winter. 

It is also important to highlight that most people don’t need to do anything – they will automatically receive the payment if eligible.” 

Social Security Scotland will send a letter to everyone who will receive a payment. Subject to Parliamentary approval, payments will start from November 2025 and continue throughout the winter.

Scottish scientists to lead new brain tumour research

Edinburgh project aims to find new ways to tackle devastating disease

Stopping cancer cells spreading and hiding in the brain is the focus of a new research project at the University of Edinburgh.

Cancer Research UK is funding the bid to find a way of detecting and preventing glioblastoma cells before they can spread throughout the brain.

Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly adult brain cancer and recurs in around 90 per cent of patients after surgery. It is one of the most difficult cancers to treat due to its location in sensitive areas of the brain.

Surgery is risky, particularly once the cancer begins to spread as the cancer cells are scattered and hidden deep in the brain. This spread of glioblastoma cells in the brain is the main reason the cancer returns after surgery.

However, if these cancerous cells could be targeted by treatments, then outcomes for patients could be improved.

The research team at the Institute for Genetics and Cancer at the University of Edinburgh will focus on discovering the mechanics of how the cancerous cells are able to move and escape surgery.

Study lead Dr Alex Loftus, of the Institute for Genetics and Cancer at the University of Edinburgh and Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, said:

“Glioblastoma is a cancer where new treatments are desperately needed. Until now, the way glioblastoma cells invade the brain and move around it have not been fully understood.

“Our research will focus on the mechanics of how glioblastoma cells relocate throughout the brain so we can spot the beginnings of movement and stop them in their tracks.”        

The team has been awarded £14,656 from Cancer Research UK for the project which will focus on proteins called cell-matrix adhesion proteins which coordinate communication between cells and the environments they live in.

The researchers hope to find new targets for treatment which could be used around the time of initial surgery to ensure fewer cancer cells escape surgery and reduce recurrence rates.

Around 12,500 people are diagnosed with a brain, central nervous system or intracranial tumour in the UK each year* including around 1,100 in Scotland.** With only around 1 in 4 people in the UK surviving their disease for 5 years or more, finding new ways to tackle this type of cancer crucial.*** 

Cancer Research UK’s Director of Research, Dr Catherine Elliott, said: “Glioblastoma is a devastating cancer which affects thousands of people across the UK and sadly there are limited treatment options especially when the cancer returns after initial successful treatment.

“Cancer Research UK is determined to continue to find new ways to tackle glioblastoma which are so desperately needed to improve outcomes for patients.”

BBC ALBA to broadcast battle of title rivals as part of its September SWPL line-up

 BBC ALBA will broadcast coverage of what could be one of the defining matches of the Scottish Women’s Premier League (SWPL) season when champions Hibs travel to play Celtic – with both having made impressive starts to this season’s campaign.

The clash between two of the favourites for the 2025/26 title will be one of three fixtures to be shown on successive weekends by BBC ALBA during September.

Celtic will feature on Sunday 14 September when they make the trip north to face Aberdeen, before they entertain Hibernian a week later on Sunday 21 September.

To complete a hat-trick for the month, BBC ALBA will also broadcast the derby clash between Rangers and Glasgow City on Sunday 28 September.

The multi-year deal, funded by BBC ALBA’s partner MG ALBA, will see the broadcaster continue to bring live coverage of top flight women’s football to viewers across the country until the end of the 2027/28 season, cementing BBC ALBA’s role as the home of the SWPL.

Fiona MacKenzie, BBC ALBA commissioning editor, said: “The battle to win the SWPL already looks like it could go to the wire this season, with Hibs and Celtic making particularly strong starts to their respective campaigns.

“Our partnership with the SWPL supports the continued visibility and growth of the game and the three fixtures BBC ALBA is set to broadcast live in September promise to showcase Scottish women’s football at its finest.”

Watch Aberdeen v Celtic on Sunday 14 September, live or on demand on BBC ALBA and BBC iPlayer, from 4pm: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002jn2c

Celtic will host Hibs on Sunday 21 September, and Rangers will face Glasgow City on Sunday 28 September.

Stars of hit TV series Still Game are coming to Edinburgh

Stars of the hit BBC and Netflix TV series Still Game are heading out on tour, visiting the Edinburgh Corn Exchange on Thursday 16th October.

Following popular demand and a run of sell-out dates in 2024, Auld Pals: An Evening with the Stars of Still Game is taking to the road again for a limited number of performances.

The production features Jane McCarry, Paul Riley, Mark Cox, Sanjeev Kohli and Gavin Mitchell, who played Isa, Winston, Tam, Navid and Boabby the Barman in the award-winning, hit comedy series.

The talented ensemble cast have been entertaining audiences for years, with unforgettable performances in some of TV’s biggest comedy shows including Chewin’ the Fat, The Karen Dunbar Show and, of course, Still Game.

Now audiences can get up close and personal with the show’s cast members for an evening of laughter, entertainment, and Scottish wit as they share personal stories from their careers in entertainment, including memories from their time on Still Game. Fans will even get an opportunity to ask the stars their own questions about the iconic TV show in a Q&A session.

Ahead of the tour, Lee Newton of promoter Red Shoe Entertainment said: “The cast had a brilliant time on the show last year and were incredibly touched by everyone’s support, not to mention all the full houses they received across the UK.

“Since the last show, we’ve been inundated with messages from fans, asking if we can get the show out again and we thought it would be rude to let them down. So, we are very excited to take this spectacular line-up of comedic talent to Edinburgh this October.

Whether you’re a Still Game superfan, or just looking for a good time, this show is not to be missed!”


Listings

Thursday 16th October

Tickets from £32.50 (Booking fees may apply) – VIP Meet and Greet Tickets Sold Out.

You can book tickets online at: edinburghcornexchange.co.uk  

Edinburgh Corn Exchange, 11 New Market Road, Edinburgh, EH14 1RJ

Young talent drive sustainability innovations at Lothian Buses

Young apprentices at one of capital city’s biggest employers address business-critical environmental issues through partnership with Powering Futures

Twelve young apprentices from the UK’s largest municipal bus company have successfully completed a groundbreaking 14-week innovation programme, where they have presented solutions to some of the most pressing sustainability challenges facing their place of work.

Lothian Buses, a major employer in the Capital with over 2,600 employees, tasked its young workforce with coming up with sustainable solutions to business operations – including recycling across the Lothian Buses sites, and a campaign to encourage more people to take public transport. 

Designed to complement an apprentice’s working week, the Powering Futures Business Challenge enables participants to use focused time to research the sustainability issue, interview stakeholders, develop a solution, and then present a business case to their company’s senior leadership team.

The bold and creative solutions that were put forward by the Lothian Buses apprentices included behaviour-focused campaigns to boost recycling – like clearer bin signage, visible recycling statistics, and prize incentives – and innovative ideas to encourage public transport use, from eye-catching campaigns on bus rears to AI-driven strategies for showcasing time savings. 

Lothian Buses’ support for the Powering Futures programme is now in its second year, with eight apprentices successfully completing the programme in 2024. 

Dylan Dastey, Engineering Director at Lothian Buses said: “We are delighted to have worked with Powering Futures to take another 12 of our young apprentices through the Workplace Programme. Our Director team was inspired by the fresh thinking and confident delivery from the participants in their superb presentations.

“Having worked with Powering Futures to deliver the workplace programme for a second year, we are hugely impressed by the coaching which encourages participants to shine and celebrate their own individual strengths. It is a great reminder of the value in investing in early careers.” 

Junior Davie (17), Lothian Buses Apprentice and participant in the Powering Futures programme said: “Working together to solve such a big challenge showed me how powerful teamwork can be.

“Once you’ve tackled something like that as a group, you feel more confident taking on whatever challenge comes next.”

The innovation programme was developed and delivered by Powering Futures, a pioneering provider of skills for the future and young workforce. Partnering with businesses to help them solve real-time climate change challenges,

Powering Futures tasks teams of 16-25-year-olds with solving a sustainability problem set by their employer and supports them in coming up with creative solutions through teamwork and climate skills.   

Joseph Trodden, Programme Manager at Powering Futures, said: “When you give young people the tools and trust to tackle real challenges, they deliver smart, practical solutions.

“I was particularly inspired by the campaign ideas around behaviour change. People often want to do the right thing when it comes to recycling and sustainability, these concepts show how we can make it easy, intuitive and even rewarding to take action.”

Final MoonWalk Scotland in Edinburgh lights up the capital

Scotland’s iconic night-time fundraising event, The MoonWalk Scotland, lit up Edinburgh for the final time on Saturday (6 September)

Hundreds of women, men and young people wearing brightly decorated bras or colourful “bra t-shirts” set off from Holyrood Park at 10.30pm, to walk a half or full marathon through the capital, to raise money for breast and other cancers.

Glittering light installations showed MoonWalkers the way, with iconic buildings across the Edinburgh skyline also lit up pink in their honour, including: Edinburgh Castle, Camera Obscura, Lloyds on the Mound, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the Radisson Blu Hotel, the Balmoral Hotel, and the Stamp Office.

Many walkers also took on a walking challenge virtually, in their own areas.

Organised by breast cancer charity Walk the Walk, Scotland’s MoonWalk has raised an incredible £22 million since it was first staged in 2006.

Nina Barough CBE, Founder and Chief Executive of breast cancer charity Walk the Walk, organisers of The MoonWalk Scotland, said: “It was a night of such mixed emotions.

“The atmosphere in the MoonWalk Arena was absolutely electric – everyone was sparkling and it felt just magical. On the other hand, I know that a lot of people were feeling a little sad, as it was our last MoonWalk in Edinburgh. But as I keep saying, although it was the end of an era, it was also the beginning of something else.

“As well as raising lots of money, I hope that we’ve encouraged lots of people to start walking – we had so many women and men joining us for the first time at The MoonWalk Scotland this year and for them, it will be the start of a brand new adventure”.

Emma Woodhouse, 58, came from St Andrews to take part in her first MoonWalk Scotland, completing the Full Moon (26.2 miles). Emma was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2024, after a routine mammogram. She said: “Being part of such a diverse group of people united in one endeavour – to raise awareness and funds for such an important cause – was very powerful, inspiring and moving.

“There were some great costumes which really added to the fun atmosphere. I signed up to walk solo, but met up with two other walkers at around mile two. We started to chat and they invited me to join them and so we completed the course together, a lovely and unexpected experience. I wish Walk the Walk huge success wherever the next MoonWalk takes place. You never know, I might just have to do another one.”

Organised by breast cancer charity Walk the Walk, Scotland’s MoonWalk has raised an incredible £22 million since it was first staged in 2006. After 19 years, The MoonWalk will now be going on tour to another city. 

PICTURES: Walk the Walk

Pilot test for rare condition in newborns

Screening could enable earlier treatment and improve life chances

Screening of newborn babies to detect and treat a rare condition which causes progressive muscle wastage will begin early next year.

Scotland will become the first country in the UK to begin national screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) which affects movement, breathing and swallowing.

The Scottish Government and pharmaceutical company Novartis will fund a two-year programme to gather evidence on the test’s effectiveness. On average three to four babies a year are born with SMA.

All parents will be offered SMA screening for their newborn babies through the existing blood spot test at five days old.

Health Secretary Neil Gray said:

“This condition can have devastating impacts for babies and their families and this investment demonstrates our commitment to early detection through our screening programme. I would like to thank SMA UK and all the campaigners across Scotland who have worked so hard to highlight this issue as well as Novartis for their funding.

“By detecting SMA before symptoms develop, screening could allow earlier treatment which could lead to much better life outcomes.

“This investment will contribute towards building the case for making this test permanent and help secure the best possible care and support for babies and families.”                                     

SMA UK charity CEO Giles Lomax said:

“We are absolutely delighted to hear the news that the NHS Scotland will be adding SMA to their newborn screening programme in an evaluative and research capacity, with the aim of the first baby being tested early 2026.

“With clinical pathways already established and disease modifying treatments approved, this means those babies born will be treated pre-symptomatically and can therefore, in many cases, follow normal developmental pathways.

The data generated over a 2-year period from National Health Service in Scotland will complement and help contribute to the UK In-service evaluation ultimately helping towards a positive UK NSC recommendation for SMA to be added to the bloodspot programme permanently.

“This is a hugely positive step forward with Scotland joining other countries around the world who already screen for SMA.”

Novartis UK and Ireland Chief Medical Officer Rob Hastings said:

“This is a landmark decision for families in Scotland, offering hope and an opportunity for early detection and access to care for children born with SMA.

“We welcome this progress and continue to support efforts to expand newborn screening across the UK, to ensure every child has the opportunity to be screened and treated for this rare and devastating condition.”

The tests will be analysed at the Scottish Newborn Screening Laboratory on the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital campus in Glasgow. Director and Consultant Clinical Scientist Dr Sarah Smith said:  

“We are pleased to be supporting this important screening evaluation that will benefit babies and their families across Scotland by allowing babies with this condition to access treatment where it is appropriate more quickly, leading to better outcomes.

 “We welcome these plans for SMA to be evaluated as part of our screening programme, allowing for evidence to be gathered on the test’s effectiveness.”